Avaliação da atividade cicatrizante do extrato hidroalcoólico de Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M. King & H. Robinson (ASTERACEAE)

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex process that involves the organization of cells, chemical signals and remodeling in order to repair injured tissue. North American statistical data show a prevalence of skin lesions in approximately 22.8% of the world's population. In Brazil, wounds are a serious public health problem. In this sense, the use of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents has aroused interest among researchers due to their most different effects, including healing. Thus, ethnopharmacological studies are found in the literature, which associate the use of A. triplinervis with wound healing, but there is no scientific evidence to prove this activity. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the healing potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of A. triplinervis incorporated in an ointment of 5 and 10%. For that, phytochemical analyzes were carried out: prospecting of the plant drug and the hydroalcoholic extract, by means of colorimetric, precipitation tests, thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography of the hydroalcoholic extract. In addition to the macroscopic, morphometric analysis, and histological examination of the hydroalcoholic extract ointment in 5% and 10%, using Dersani® and saline solution, respectively, as positive and negative controls. Through these tests, it was observed that the plant drug presented several compounds: saponins, anthraquinones, steroids and triterpenes, polyphenols and coumarins. For the hydroalcoholic extract the result was similar, but the tests did not indicate the presence of anthraquinones. Analysis by thin layer chromatography of the hydroalcoholic extract revealed positive results for coumarins, steroids and triterpenes. In the chromatographic profile, the extract, obtained by high performance liquid chromatography, showed a peak, being suggestive of coumarin. Macroscopic analysis of the lesions showed that the groups of the 5% and 10% extract ointments had more re-epithelialized wounds. In morphometry there was no statistical difference between the four test groups in the percentage of wound contraction. However, the histological examination showed that the ointment with 10% hydroalcoholic extract showed better quality in the development of tissue repair, as it increased fibroblasts, collagen, keratinization, more than the other groups. Thus, this study showed that A. triplinervis extract ointment did not accelerate the speed of wound closure, however, it did show a beneficial influence on the quality in which the lesions evolved, yet further research is necessary to better understand It is made.