Planos de sistemas aqüíferos como fundamento legal para a gestão de recursos hídricos

Abstract

The evaluation of self supply conditions in RMB, especially in 25 districts, which present consolidated and available information, bespoke the need of improving the management of groundwater resources in the state. In order to achieve that, the elaboration of the Water Systems Plans as a legal fundament for the management of water resources in the State of Pará, especially in RMB. The information and data gathered showed that the public water supply system presents some deficit, mostly due to absence of the public water supply network in many areas; inefficiency or absence of plans to extend this network; need of improvement and adequacy for the existing network; low availability of goods acquisition to the general improvement of the system; the high index of loss verified; and so on. Because of this the number of users has increased, particularly in the residential sector, which uses the tubular wells for self supply, almost ever completed in the water systems Pós-Barreiras and Barreiras. This scenario is observed, mainly in the districts having the most of buildings, such as Nazaré, Reduto, Umarizal and São Braz, which respectively present (62,9%), (49,2%), (31,8%), and (33,3%) of the residential economies provided by private wells for self supply. These aquifers demonstrate moderate to high vulnerability, whereas the available data of their water quality reveal high nitrate indexes probably caused by almost entire absence of sewage collection and treatment systems. A survey and an analysis about federal and state laws which are relevant to the water resources were also made for planning the model, observing that this law is much more advanced for superficial water. The settlement of future scenarios, from the methodology described by Michel Goodet, brought the linkage between management and planning of superficial and ground water, in view of the fact that in the national model, the territory for the management of the water is the drainage basin. To allow that planning groundwater does not occur in a disintegrated way in the scope of drainage basins nor is totally attached to the start of superficial water management, a model of groundwater planning and management is proposed to the State of Pará. According to this model, the aquifer systems planning could be done through Aquifer Systems Plans, under the responsibility and coordination of the State. To the definition of elaboration and approval of these Plans, it is suggested the creation of Aquifer Systems Committees to be coordinated by the organ of the State for Water Resources, which will incorporate the imperative participation of users, representatives of the counties that are surrounded by overlying drainage basins to these aquifer systems, as well as the civil society organized, a new paradigm of operation for a contemporaneous society.