Senhoras do jornal: Guiomar Torrezão e Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho como publicistas na Província do Grão-Pará

Abstract

In this thesis, there will be analyzed works written by Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho (1847-1921) and Guiomar Delfina de Noronha Torresão (1844-1898), that were read in the Grão-Pará province, during the second half of the 19th century, in the newspapers: Correio Paraense (1834-1894), Diário de Belém (1853-1892), O Liberal do Pará (1869-1889), A Província do Pará (1876-2001), A Constituição: órgão do partido conservador (1876-1886) e Folha do Norte (1896-1974). From a first glance of the research objects, a recurring theme is recognizable in the works of these women: the female autonomy. This matter was debated in their pieces published in books and newspapers, and these debates spurred into action the intellectual sections of Portugal and Brazil. In the liberal, progressive and conservative scenarios, in which can be seen suggestions on the behalf of the female apprenticeship, the voices of other women were highlighted in the press. Among these women, one can find, Maria José Canuto (1821-1890), Júlia Lopes de Almeida and, Carolina de Michaelis de Vasconcelos (1851-1925). Soon after initiating their careers, these writers stood out as columnists of important periodicals, both in Brazil and Portugal. With those considerations about the Portuguese authors and the journals that published them in Pará in mind, we propose the inquiry of the publications signed by Guiomar Torrezão and Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho that are seen in periodicals from Pará in the second half of the 19th century. To reach this goal, the work of both aforementioned writers will be compared, considering the substance of the pieces and the ruminations about female emancipation they display. Succeeding this, we acknowledge that, in the publications from Grão-Pará, there was a considerable percentage of works related to the female figure, along with subjects related to this main theme, such as marriage, divorce, reading, as well as mother and daughter behaviour. These developments led the research to look for an appropriate theoretical-critical contribution about the female universe. There will be used the works of: Ana Maria Costa Lopes (2005), Mônica Yumi (2010), Irene Vaquinhas (2011), Mary Del Priore (2012) and (2018). Furthermore, about the history of the press, the authors consulted were Nelson Werneck Sodré (1999), Isabel Lustosa (2003) and, Tânia de Luca (2017). In order to think about the circulation of newspapers in Pará, we read the works of Professor Germana Sales’s current and former graduate students. As yet a support to reflect on the time frame, special attention was given to 19th century periodicals in this thesis. Moreover, to proceed with the essay, we reported six newspapers that published the writings of the two Portuguese writers, emphasizing publications related to the main theme of this work, which is the woman. Afterwards, we will consider who were Guiomar Torrezão and Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho, always starting from the perspective of what was registered in the publications from Brazil and Portugal. Lastly, the portuguese pieces will be analyzed.