O processo comunicacional dos adoecidos pelo câncer de laringe

Abstract

According to the National Cancer Institute (INCA) for the 2020/2022 triennium, an estimated 6,470 new cases in men and 1,180 new cases in women. Taking an estimated risk index of 6.20 new cases per 100,000 men and 1.06 new cases per 100,000 women. The larynx is an organ of the respiratory system, and its main functions are phonation and protection of the lower airways at the time of swallowing. It is understood that the effective development of the patient's communication with laryngeal cancer, submitted to total laryngectomy is still of great interest and challenge for science to enable a reorganization of this being in a social, emotional, and economic context. There are several impasses that the sick face due to the mutilators reflexes of the organ that led to aphonia, modification of self-image due to permanent tracheostomy and socioeconomic issues related to retirement and the loss of interpersonal interaction with family members. Since the communication process is highly affected when laryngeal cancer becomes ill, the integrative review consists of building a broad analysis of the literature, contributing to discussions about research methods and results, as well as reflections on future studies. Objectives: to analyse the scientific evidence on the impaired communication process of patients with laryngeal cancer; categorize the theoretical/practical strategies that are used to re establish the verbal communication process of the total laryngectomy patient; propose perioperative nursing actions to enable the adaptation of the communication process of the family caregiver with the total laryngectomy. Method: this is an Integrative Review (IR). In which the main scientific evidence about a theme is sought, identify, analyse, and discuss the importance of the theme. To validate the results expressed in the IR, a descriptive study was developed with a subsequent qualitative approach. Results and Discussion: 177 articles were identified in the following databases Database of Abstracts and Citations of Articles for Academic Newspapers/Magazines (SCOPUS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Nursing Database (BDENF), and after reading 23 relevant studies were selected that discuss the theme of laryngeal cancer and communication, from 2010 to 2020 in English, Portuguese and Spanish. In the qualitative stage, three family caregivers of total laryngectomized patients were interviewed in the postoperative period, who followed the entire perioperative process, all of whom were mainly responsible for the care of the sick family member. From the interviews, two categories emerged: comprehensive care and alternative communication. Final considerations the nurse in this process has an essential role in establishing links between patients and family caregivers, as it is the nurse who acts in the reception, guidance, carrying out technical procedures and health education, in the postoperative period of laryngectomized patients. who will need support in the rehabilitation process, whether vocal, social, emotional and/or physical, however, there was a shortage of studies carried out by nurses who assist total laryngectomy patients and family caregivers about their communication process, therefore the importance of studies dedicated to this theme is emphasized to strengthen Nursing Science and consequently nursing care based on scientific evidence.