A presença da mulher na música do Pará: o texto na canção de autoria feminina, da Belle Époque até a primeira metade do século XX

Abstract

This research seeks to verify the woman presence in the artistic and musical production at the city of Belém, located in Pará- Brazil, from the Belle Époque until the first half of the 20th century. It is based on the song`s lyrics written by women composers who were born or lived in Pará. Thus, it is an interdisciplinary research that strives for understanding the female authorship musical production, from a historiographical, sociological and gender perspective, which will also allow revealing the processes of woman insertion in cultural practices of that period, as well as understanding the relationship between song`s lyrics and the musical language. Therefore, the following questions are elucidated: What are the songs written by women in the investigated period? Were there criticism, reception and circulation of the song written by women in the Belle Époque period in Pará until the middle of the 20th century? What is the relationship of these musical representations with the social thought, the cultural actuality and the aesthetic ideas of that time? Within the cultural experience of the Belle Époque, does the song written by women have Amazonian peculiarities in their literary and musical strata or does it project a power relationship or standard socio-ideological discourse of that time? The documentary set was collected from the investigation of primary and oral sources. Thus, this set of information assumes a scientific character for the analyses of the song`s lyrics written by women, whose historical and social facts will be aligned with the aesthetic components described in the analyzed works. In addition, the theoretical field was delimited based on the literature review in the area of literary studies, seeking foundations in the guidelines of Candido (1973, 1996, 2010, 2012), as well as in Oliveira (2002), Murray Schaffer (2001), in the interdisciplinary area, Vieira (2001, 2009, 2012, 2013), Salles (1980, 2007, 2012, 2016), Bourdieu (1974, 2007, 2017), and Citron (2000), in the field of social history, cultural and gender studies. Therefore, the following are pointed out as results: the female presence in the Belle Époque artistic and musical scene in Pará until the first half of the 20th century, although her compositions remained without visibility; women not only acted in teaching and performance of music but also composed lyrics and songs; the predominant themes in women`s songs are Sacred, Sentimental, Festive and Regional, and they are related to the social practices of the surveyed women; the piano marks this period as a symbolic element of Europeanization of customs, as well as ideological as a female legacy and a means of social distinction; the historical obscuration of the researched women composers and their works is due to gender issues and social and cultural practices of their time.