A Posse segura da terra urbana como instrumento de emancipação das mulheres: análise das ações desenvolvidas pelos Programas Chão Legal e Terra da Gente no Município de Belém do Pará

Abstract

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the set of actions aimed at women within the municipal land title regularization programs executed by the Belém Development and Administration Company (CODEM), the Chão Legal Program, in effect between the years 2010 and 2020, and the Terra da Gente Program, its replacement since 2021. Therefore, we investigate the historical context in Brazil, in the Amazon and in the municipality of Belém, which structured the access to land property under exclusionary criteria, based on social markers of gender, race and class, which also acted on the construction of the related legislation and, for a long time, were obstacles to women's access to land and its secure tenure, a right that only more recently, from the 2000s on, was fostered by laws and public policies on housing and land tenure regularization. To understand this scenario, the interpretation method adopted was the historical-dialectical materialism according to the gender perspective proposed by the Marxist feminist theoretical current. As for the research techniques employed, qualitative and quantitative data were combined, obtained through the articulation of bibliographic, documental, and statistical research and interviews conducted with CODEM's former technician/advisor and employees, as well as with the women beneficiaries of the Chão Legal and Terra da Gente programs, in order to identify actions to promote priority assistance, host and of aid the women beneficiaries, and guaranteeing not only the security of land tenure through the title deed, but also to ensure the right to decent and adequate housing, with access to urban infrastructure and public services, as an extension of the right to the city.