Supervisão de enfermagem em hemoterapia: conhecimento de enfermeiros de unidades de internação de um hospital universitário

Abstract

Hemotherapy consists of a treatment realized through blood transfusion, its components and derivatives and is involved with hemovigilance and this is part of health surveillance actions developed in Brazil. It represents one of the strategic areas of action of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) of the Ministry of Health, with the objective of creating measures to minimize risks and increase patient and professional safety in the transfusion process. It is important that the nurse has knowledge of aspects related to blood transfusion and its components and that he uses it carefully, with a specific care plan, since every transfusion carries a risk to the recipient, whether immediate or late. The objetive of this study was to analyze the knowledge of nurses at a university hospital about nursing supervision in hemotherapy. It was a mixed study that was developed at the João de Barros Barreto Hospital Unit (UHJBB). Twenty­nine nurses from the medical clinic, infectious diseases and intensive care sectors participated. As data collection techniques were used: questionnaire and interview. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires using the Survey Monkey software and subsequently analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and qualitative data through interviews according to Bardin's content analysis (2006). From the speeches of the research participants, three categories were generated: ‘Perception about the work process of nurses in the institution’, ‘Technical knowledge of nurses about hemotherapy’ and ‘Management of nursing care in hemotherapy. As for the quantitative data, the following variables were analyzed: sex, year of graduation, training time, technical level training, employment relationship, existence of more than one employment relationship, access to knowledge about hemotherapy in academic training, courses extracurricular services provided by the hospital, knowledge about hemotherapy and transfusion reactions, regulatory legislation, competencies and duties of nurses and nursing technicians in the pre, intra and post hemotherapy procedure. The nurse's need for greater knowledge about hemotherapy was evident, however, not only about transfusion therapy, but also of the whole blood cycle, so that it is possible to know and define the duties of each nursing professional in legal terms with the intention to improve the quality of the assistance provided.