Perspectiva da Teoria Institucional sobre a exploração de recursos minerais no município de Parauapebas

Abstract

The notability of Pará in the Brazilian scenario as an ore producer is well known, ranking first in ore exports among the states, especially in the production of iron, bauxite, copper, kaolin, manganese, nickel, limestone, gold, gems and other ores used in civil construction, which makes it the largest national collector of the Financial Compensation for Mineral Extraction (CFEM), in which Parauapebas accounts for 49.3% of the collection, showing the importance of this revenue for the public coffers. Under these conditions, the object of the present study is the municipality of Parauapebas, the largest CFEM tax collector, as well as the prerogatives that defined it as the object of the research due to three peculiarities: a) mining is its main economic matrix; b) the circumscription is the biggest CFEM tax collector and; c) being located in a region of the Brazilian Amazon that presents numerous social and economic vulnerabilities, highlighting the importance of public policies that induce development. Therefore, the hypothesis arising from this questioning led to the assumption that, in addition to historical, sociocultural and geopolitical causes, there were socioeconomic determinants that directly contributed to the dynamics of penetration, occupation, expansion of the economic frontier, based on the institutional apparatuses established by the policy of integration, the guiding question was determined: How does the Institutional Theory explain the use of Financial CFEM in the municipality of Parauapebas-PA? Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to analyze how the budgetary and financial resources coming from the CFEM of Parauapebas are being invested and if these contributions are positive for the development of this municipality. It was pointed out that the CFEM plays an important role in the distribution of wealth to subnational entities, and, in this perspective, the Kandir Law and the CFEM are key constituents of the economic regime of capital accumulation. The changes in the economy resulting from Complementary Law 87 of 1996 (Kandir Law) had a correspondence in the short, medium and long term in the transformations that occurred in the Brazilian economy and in the commodity exporting states, especially with the growth of the mineral extraction industry, which occurred at a pace unprecedented in the history of the state. It is proposed that the municipal government document the results obtained with public policies, develop open indicators for society and academic centers for their evaluation. Public and private universities, in addition to research centers, need to better fulfill their role, demanding greater participation from these institutions, since it is not just about directing resources, but about creating correct incentives and demanding results.