Regularização fundiária urbana de interesse social: contribuições e limites da discussão do conteúdo socioespacial urbano a partir da experiência do Programa Chão Legal no município de Belém (PA)

Abstract

Urban land regularization has been one of the main themes of legislative construction and social policies of the Brazilian State in precarious settlements, in response to the growth of this type of housing space, which characterizes the country's urbanization. The regularization experiences demonstrated a diversity of theoretical approaches to the problem, however, such approaches treated little of the residents of the settlements. To highlight the perspective of these inhabitants, we propose an approach to the discussion of the socio-spatial content, which highlights the subjects' socio-spatial practices in the urban space, to the debates that involve regularization. In this sense, we seek to identify possible contributions and the theoretical and methodological limits of that debate to the topic of urban land regularization of social interest, considering the guidelines, objectives and especially the results of the experience of the Chão Legal Program in the municipality of Belém (PA), particularly in the Morada de Deus I and II settlements. We adopted the qualitative research methodology, based on a bibliographic review and based on documentary analysis and testimonies obtained in individual interviews, whose focus was on the results of this social policy in the socio-spatial practices of the residents. With that, we come to the understanding that the contributions refer to the questioning of the idea of integrating precarious settlements into the city and to the emphasis on the ways in which residents appropriate urban spaces as a criterion for assessing the regularization results; and the limits refer to the incorporation of the theoretical principles of socio-spatial content to the evaluation of regularization, which are still abstract and demand the development of research techniques that clarify the relationship between the implications of regularization and changes in socio-spatial practices