A Ecologia política dos povos tradicionais na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos: estudo de caso da sentença do Povo Saramaka vs Suriname

Abstract

Slowly and implicitly, the political ecology of traditional peoples is a theme that has been gaining relevance and notoriety in international forums, specifically and especially in the InterAmerican Court of Human Rights (CorteIDH – acronyum brazilian portuguese). As a PanAmazonian example, and using the political ecology of Bruno Latour (2004) as a theoretical framework, the Saramaka vs. Suriname case will be the main analysis of this dissertation work and the recognition by the IAHR Court of the Saramaka peoples' right to collective property over the land and it’s natural resources in their ancestral territory in the face of socioenvironmental degradation economic activities. The methodology followed a qualitative approach, with the type of basic research and with a descriptive research character, carrying out in the first moment the bibliographical research and in a second moment aiming at the realization of bibliographical surveys in the CAPES (acronyum brazilian portuguese) periodicals portal, besides using the documental research and the case study of official documents from the Organization of American States and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The objective was to explore the approaches adopted by the Court and how the protection of the rights of traditional peoples, including the right to consultation and to free, prior, and informed consent of the Saramaka people, was or was not achieved through Political Ecology. We conclude that the Court's decision in the Saramaka case is an important milestone in the protection of traditional peoples' rights in the Pan-Amazon region and highlights the importance of the political ecology approach in understanding and protecting these rights, where political ecology helps to understand and (re)make a socio-environmental reading about the realities of traditional peoples and their organic interrelationship with the land and it’s natural resources.