Dinâmica espaço-temporal e pressões antrópicas em manguezais de RESEXs na costa atlântica paraense.

Abstract

The Atlantic Coast of Pará (ACP) is shelter of the most well-preserved mangrove belt in the world, where some of these areas are included in extractive reserves (RESEX), which provide the sustainable use of its natural resources by the local population. This commitment to sustainability has been gaining strength since the creation of the 2030 Agenda, which gave rise to the Ocean Decade, which seeks the sustainable and scientific development of marine and coastal resources. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of mangroves inserted in the RESEX of the PCZ. The adopted methodology consists of: (1) acquisition and processing of images from Landsat satellites (2) quantification and comparison of the mangrove areas of four RESEX (Mãe Grande de Curuçá, Mestre Lucindo, Mocapajuba and São João da Ponta). These analyzes were carried out using polygons, created from Landsat satellite images, which delimited the mangrove areas for a period of thirty-four years (1986 to 2020). Using the mapbiomas collection plugin, available in the QGIS software, it was possible to observe urban sprawl in the studied areas and their interaction with mangrove environments. To corroborate the results obtained, environmental data of suspended particulate matter (MPS) were used. The vegetation cover had the highest reduction value of 8,054 km² and maximum increase value of 14,825 km². It was possible to observe patterns of variation in the RESEXs, which showed similar trends, both in terms of loss and gain in area. Little change occurred in the mangrove areas in the innermost portions of the RESEXs. The suspended particulate material (SPM) transported in the region has SW NE direction. It was also possible to observe the growth of urban infrastructure in all municipalities where the RESEXs are located, with Marapanim and Curuçá showing the highest growth (4,642 km² and 4,797 km², respectively). However, most changes in mangrove cover occurred along the coastline, far from urbanized areas. The analyzed mangroves remained in balance; however, disorderly urbanization can bring losses if there are no effective measures.