A Batalha do Livramento: ensino de História e Conflitos Agrários na Terra Indígena Alto Rio Guamá – TIARG (1990-2024)

Abstract

This study discusses agrarian conflicts involving the Terra Indígena Alto Rio Guamá – TIARG and the subjects that comprise it, especially the Tembé indigenous people of the Jacaré village. It is clear that agrarian conflicts have marked and currently mark a field of existence and resignifications for the Tembé people in relation to the conquest of land. More specifically, the Battle of Livramento is analyzed and, based on experiences in History Teaching, the agrarian struggles in the conquest of land and the approaches to this theme within the classroom in Basic Education are discussed. The Battle of Livramento was an armed conflict between Tembé indigenous people and squatters who occupied the Alto Rio Guamá Indigenous Land, which occurred in the 1990s and reached its peak in 1996, when a group of more than 70 individuals, indigenous people of the Tembé, Timbira, Ka'apor, Guajajara and non-indigenous ethnic groups, were imprisoned by farmers and squatters for three days, subjected to torture and lack of minimum conditions for survival, and were only rescued by the Federal Police in Vila do Livramento, in the municipality of Garrafão do Norte. Thus, we surveyed the bibliography on the subject and developed the research based on teaching experiences in the classroom in an indigenous community, as well as on the reports of subjects who experienced and/or remembered those events that constitute an important historical moment in the region and relevant to the work in History Teaching. The research is developed based on interviews recorded by students in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of high school about the importance of discussing agrarian conflicts for the Tembé people, as well as interviews with individuals who participated in the conflict, cross-referencing with bibliographical references relevant to the topic. As a result of the research, we propose a supplementary educational material on the Tembé people and agrarian conflicts, which can be used by both indigenous and non-indigenous teachers, especially in history classes, discussing indigenous school education in the northeast region of the state of Pará in the contemporary Amazon, valuing the history of the Tembé people.