Gestão integrada de recursos hídricos por comitês de bacia hidrográfica na Amazônia: o caso do comitê da bacia hidrográfica do rio Marapanim, no Pará

Abstract

The main objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of water resources management by a river basin committee in the Amazon of Pará and the creation and performance of the Marapanim River Basin Committee (CBHRM). There is an institutional asymmetry among the regions of Brazil regarding the implementation of water resources management by basin committees, because the North region has the lowest percentage of its territorial area covered by committees, in relation to the other Brazilian regions and that is why the study of the creation of the CBHRM, the first in Pará, is justified. The research was guided by the interdisciplinary epistemological approach. The theory of commons and socio-ecological systems (SES) were used as theoretical and methodological contributions and the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). This research has a qualitative nature, a descriptive approach and it was decided to conduct it through the case study methodology. The methodological procedures of content analysis were used with the help of IRAMUTEQ. The results demonstrated the emergence of 6 classes of words, which were grouped into four categories. In the results presented by the ecological category, it was noted the combination between the variable of resource system and unit of resources, symbolizing, respectively, the Marapanim River Basin (BHRM) and its water resources. The category of actors was related to the organization and interests of the government, water users and civil entities in the creation of the CBHRM, which symbolizing the category of the governance system. The category of interactions and results demonstrated the role of CBHRM to structure itself as a new institution of participation in water management. The theoretical contribution of this research is based on the recognition that for the collective construction of the watershed as a socio-ecological system, its actors must share a common thought about the needs of an integrated management of water resources by a basin committee, aiming at local development. In addition, the research contributed in a practical way with SEMAS and CBHRM to the elaboration of the future plan of the Marapanim River basin through the technological product entitled "Participatory Diagnosis of the Socioecological System of the Marapanim River Basin". Another applicable contribution of this research is the technological product entitled "Technical Report of the Case Study of the Marapanim River Basin Committee", which is intended for the members of the collegiate, with a view to expanding knowledge for decision-making. It is concluded that the social actors of the Marapanim River basin, including water users and civil entities, have recognized their common socio-ecological problems and also the need for organization in the interest of transforming their political relations to favor the creation of their committee, which has limited decision-making power, reduced scope, results restricted to institutional formalization and still needs to mature the common understanding of its competencies and expand the scope of the their knowledge about the variables of the socio-ecological system of the respective basin, involving public actors.