Uso do artigo diante do nome próprio no português brasileiro: estudo a partir do corpus do Atlas linguístico

Abstract

Supported by the theoretical-methodological framework of Dialectology and Geolinguistics (CHAMBERS; TRUDGILL, 1994; FERREIRA; CARSOSO, 1994; CARDOSO, 2010, and others), Variationist Sociolinguistics (SILVA-CORVALÁN, 1989; LABOV, 2008) and the methodological apparatus of Geossociolinguistics (CARDOSO; RAZKY, 1997; RAZKY, 1998; LIMA, 2003; LIMA; RAZKY, OLIVEIRA, 2020), this thesis aimed to describe, analyze and map the variation in the use of the definite article before the proper names of people the anthroponyms in the corpus used for analysis in this thesis. It was assumed that contemporary Brazilian Portuguese tends to use the article before the proper name, which configures the structure "definite article + proper name". It was also hypothesized that this usage is spreading throughout the Brazilian territory, reaching areas traditionally characterized by the non-use of the article in the context observed here. The sample analyzed in this thesis comes from the corpus of the Linguistic Atlas of Brazil Project ALIB Project -referring to the 25 capitals that constitute the network of points of the referred Project. From the full hearing of the 200 linguistic interviews of the ALIB Project consisting of the Phonetic-Phonological, Semantic-Lexical and Morphosyntactic questionnaires, and the Semi-directed Discourses (about 700 hours of continuous speech) the 2,645 data of the final analysis were extracted and submitted to statistical treatment using the GoldVarb X computer program, which helped in the quantitative analysis. The quantitative and linguistic analysis of the data was done by controlling for linguistic and extralinguistic variables in order to identify the factors that might be conditioning the use of the article before a proper name. The results showed a majority use of the definite article before an anthroponym in the North, Midwest, Southeast and South regions of Brazil, and no majority use of the article in the Northeast Region. The data were analyzed according to two distinct contexts of occurrence: when the proper name appears as "isolated", there is a tendency not to use an article: of the 533 occurrences, 402 (75.4%) appeared without an article in front, and 131 of them (24.6%) appeared preceded by an article; when the proper name appears in sentence structures, the tendency observed is the use of the article: of the 2,112 occurrences, 1,301 (61.6%) are articulated and 811 (38.4%) are not articulated. The GoldVarb X program selected the following groups of factors as significant, in order of significance: capital, syntactic function, anthroponym as enumeration item, type of anthroponym, gender, circumstance in which the proper name is cited, and structure of the nominal syntagma.