Obtenção de extratos de mururé (brosimum acutifolium) por extração sequencial em leito fixo via scCO2: isotermas de rendimento global, perfil químico e atividade antioxidante

Abstract

The species Brosimum acutifolium Huber, popularly known as mururé da terra firme, exhibits therapeutic characteristics responsible for its use in folk medicine as antiinflammatory, bactericidal, ant syphilitic, antirheumatic and among others, due to the significant presence of phenolic compounds. This work, then, aims to perform an extraction via supercritical fluid (SFE) in a sequenced way with: CO2; CO2+ EtOAc; CO2+ EtOH, evaluating the parameters of the extraction process, to carry out an evaluation of the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Therefore, a proximate characterization of the raw material (moisture, ash, lipids and proteins) was carried out, and the average particle diameter was determined. For the EFS tests, the dynamic extraction time (Td) with CO2 was 60 minutes and CO2 flow rate of 3 L/min, Td of 60 minutes for CO2+ EtOAc and flow rate of 1.18 ml/min and Td of 60 minutes for CO2+ EtOH and CO2 flow rate of 1.34 ml/min, and raw material mass of 10 g. The selection of the temperature and pressure variables was based on the difference in the density of CO2 + co-solvent, the isotherms of 40°C and 60°C combined with the pressure values of 250, 300 and 350 bar. The results of the proximate characterization were in agreement with the literature, nominal values of moisture (%) (13.63), 0% lipids, ash (%) (2.12±0.05) and proteins (g/100 mL) (4.41±0.10), with mean particle diameter of 0.456 mm. Regarding the process parameters, the SFE global yield values on a dry basis were better in the extraction conditions with CO2+ EtOAc at 40° C and 60° C at 350 bar and in the extraction with CO2+ EtOH at 40° C and 60 °C at 250 bar. The evaluation of the chemical composition by high performance thin layer chromatography (CCDAE) allows us to infer that the extract obtained in the CO2+ EtOH system in the condition (40° C at 250 bar) showed a better chemical profile in relation to phenolic compounds, flavonoids and fatty acids. , it is noteworthy, however, that the extracts obtained in the CO2+ EtOAc system, under conditions of 40° C and 60° C at 350 bar, exhibited a more evident profile of coumarins in relation to the other extracts evaluated. Regarding antioxidant activity, all extracts showed good activity. Thus, the results made it possible to characterize the matrix in the aforementioned aspects, revealing information that is not available in the researched literature, in addition to inferring the best operational conditions in terms of yield, for the EFS extraction of this raw material based on the operational parameters analyzed.