Geograficidade e espacialidades urbanas na Amazônia: o caso das juventudes reassentadas em Altamira-PA com a construção da UHE Belo Monte

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the urban spatialities of resettled young people, affected by the compulsory displacement caused by the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, in the Xingu Integration Region, Pará, Amazonia since 2011. This study reveals the complexity of the changes and challenges faced by young people and offers insights if other similar projects are planned for and in the region. Compulsory displacement has resulted in the severing of material and immaterial ties with their former territories, leading to the reconfiguration of spatial dynamics. In addition, these groups have been demonstrating resilience, constructing multiple identities and subjectivities and circumventing socio-spatial inequalities. Although the resettlements offer better physical facilities than the palafitas, socio-spatial segregation persists, and young people continue to face a nuance of these inequalities in their daily lives. This highlights the importance of considering not only the physical infrastructure of the housing context, but also the economic, social, political and cultural dimensions - when designing projects of this nature. A critical aspect is the need to consider the multiple temporalities involved in these processes, recognizing that each resettled person has a unique trajectory and experiences for and with the geographic space. This points to the importance of a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to analyzing the impacts of major projects in the region, with a focus on the well-being of local communities, especially young people who face real and significant challenges in (re)constructing their urban spatialities. The study reveals various aspects of youth in the Jatobá and Laranjeiras Collective Urban Resettlements (RUC), highlighting that creating new spatialities requires time, through the space that conditions youth relations, as well as socio-spatial relations that shape space, such as the rupture of the border between the RUC and the city's public spaces, from which new and old relationships are being (re)constructed, such as interactions with the job market, use of public spaces, recreational practices with the Xingu River, inclusion in social movements, insertion in criminalization, as well as the perpetuation of human rights violations.