Aplicação de redes neurais artificiais na classificação de padrões filogeográficos com base na variabilidade genômica do DNA mitocondrial

Abstract

Historically, the process of formation of the populations of the Amazon, as well as from all Brazilian territory, involved three main ethnic groups: the Amerindian, European and African. As a result, these populations have in general admixed constitution the point of view of social and biological. Since the end of the last century, studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been developed for the purpose of estimating the mixture inter present in these populations. For this, it is of fundamental importance classification of a particular strain of mtDNA in one of more than 250 haplogroups/sub-clades proposed in the literature. With the goal of developing an automated system, precise and accurate classification of the sequences (strains) of mtDNA, this has worked hand of the art of Artificial Neural Networks (RNAs) on the basis of the studies of Philogeography. For this classification, four networks have been developed artificial neural direct, with multiple layers and the learning algorithm to backpropagation. The entries of each network equivalent positions at nucleotide polymorphic region's hipervariable of mitochondrial DNA, which returned as output classification specific to each lineage. Subsequent to the training, all the networks had indices of adjustment of 100%, demonstrating that the technique of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can be used, with success, in the classification of standards Philogeography based on mitochondrial DNA.