O gênero microstrates lacordaire (Curculionidae : Baridinae): sistemática, filogenia e evolução da associação com palmeiras hospedeiras

Abstract

A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Microstrates is presented based on new characters discovered in the course of this study, and on others previously know from the literature. Eleven species are recognized, vvhich can be identified by the key presented. Two new species are described: Microstrates almiri sp. n., Caxiuanã and Belém, Pará; and M. pinrima sp. n., Monte Alegre, Pará. Microstrates bipunctatus Hustache, 1951 is considered a synonym of M. cocois Bondar, 1941. The phylogenetic analysis of the species Microstrates resulted in a hypotesis that may be expressed parenthetically as follows; ((M. cocoscampestris (M. abbreviatus (M. rufus, M. hatschbachi))) ((M. M. piririma) (M. cocais (M. cearanus, M. ypsilon) (M. cucullus, M. bondan)))). The first records of the palm hosts of M. almin sp. n., M. pirinma sp. n. and M rufus Hustache are presented. The species M. almin sp. n. and M. pirinma sp. n., collected in Pará state, represent the first record of Microstrates in the Amazonian Region. Ali species are redescribed and their most important structures for the identification are illustrated. The collection of Weevils in differents species of palms in Pará and Amazonas states confirms the hypothesis of a exclusive association of Microstrates with palms of the genera Syagrus, Butia and Cocos, and also that each species of Syagrus and Butia host only one species of Micro strates. The cladogram mapping and optimization of host palm associations of Microstrates supports the following hypothesis: association with the genus Syagrus is plesiomorphic, with Butia is apomorphic, and with the coconut (Cocos nucifera) is explained by colonization events.