Conflitos socioambientais na gestão de Unidades de Conservação: o caso da Reserva Biológica do Lago Piratuba/AP

Abstract

Social conflicts are present in all relations of mankind, and it incited from the modern and contemporary society. Among the social conflicts, those involving the use of nature are the most worrisome, especially because of the shortage that natural resources are currently subjected. The environment is part of diffuse interests, the individuals that the environment would be preserved, however, there are few who embrace these goals as dominant in their socioeconomic activities. This behavior increases the pressures on environmental resources, including the legally protected areas. The environmental conflicts related to the management of these areas are present at all stages of their institution, and occur from the conceptions of the major theoretical and philosophical currents that support the preservation and conservation of nature. In Brazil it is common to establish protected areas to resolve the tensions between natural resource exploitation and sustainability of ecosystems. However, what happens in general is the escalation of conflicts in areas constituted. Amapá stands on the national scene as one of the states which have a high degree of preservation and a significant percentage of protected areas. But the conflict between managers and users of these areas are constant and intense in many cases, causing degradation of natural resources of these spaces. The orthodox alternative to solve the conflict do not appear effective and it is necessary to adopt measures such as negotiations to alleviate or resolve the tensions related to the sustainability of environmental resources. To support the negotiation literature provides methodologies, techniques and tools that facilitate the process of negotiation and decision making to solve the conflicts present in these areas. The use of techniques and tools, although more laborious and requires a long time becomes more effective. For when the actors participate actively in the negotiations and find solutions, commitment and accountability become part of the process management unit, and this performance depend not only the sustainability of natural resources, but stay in your own area.