Epidemiologia molecular do Vírus da imunodeficiência humana 1 (HIV-1) em mulheres (mães e grávidas) dos Estados do Acre e Tocantins, Brasil

Abstract

The vertical transmission is the main source of the HIV infection in children, and it may occur before, during, of after birth and thus a big world public health problem. The present work had as objective to describe the molecular epidemiology and the profile of susceptibility/resistance of HIV-1 strains identified in women from the States of Acre and Tocantins. Samples were collected from 36 women, being 9 pregnants and 16 mothers from Palmas (Tocantins) and 1 pregnant and 10 mothers from Rio Branco (Acre) between April 2007 and October 2008. The molecular technique of Polimerase Chain Reaction was performed mediated by Nested Polimerase, to the amplification of two genomic regions (pro and tr) from proviral DNA, followed by nucleotidic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In the Acre, both in relation to the segment of protease and reverse transcriptase, all samples were subtype B. In the Tocantins, the segment of the protease, all samples belonged to subtype B, as compared to the reverse transcriptase segment of 87.5% were subtype B and 12.5% belonging to subtype F. In the State of Acre, as the strains analyzed showed susceptibility to the protease inhibitors (PI) and only ne pregnant from Tocantins (4,7%) showed a strain with resistance to current used PI. Beyond that, was verified a low prevalence of strains with resistance mutations to the nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and non nucleosidic (NNRTI), being that the resistance to the three classes of these ARV was observed in only one sample from the State of Tocantins. So the majority of HIV isolated strains showed susceptibility to the ARV used, suggesting that there is low circulation of HIV resistant strains to these drugs in these states.