Estudo e desenvolvimento de um protótipo para redução da interferência de modo comum usando balanceamento dinâmico de impedância aplicado em biosensores e sensores eletroresistivos

Abstract

Electromagnetic interference caused by the electric power line adversely affects the signals of electronic instruments, especially those with low amplitude levels. This type of interference is known as common-mode interference. There are many methods and architectures used to minimize the influence of this kind of interference on electronic instruments, the most common of which is the use of band-reject filters. This paper presents the analysis, development, prototype and test of a new reconfigurable filter architecture for biomedical instruments and measuring data of high complexity fluid flow, such as two phase flows, interference in the measurement circuit may affect the measured data, aiming to reduce the common-mode interference and preserve the useful signal components in the same frequency range as that of the noise, using the technique of dynamic impedance balancing. . Also, any measurement system also suffers interference in the power line frequency (50/60 Hz in Brazil and France, 60Hz in United States of America). The circuit blocks were mathematically modeled and the overall closed-loop transfer function was derived. Then the project was described and simulated in the VHDL_AMS language and also in an electronics simulation software, using discrete component blocks, with and without feedback. After theoretical analysis and simulation results, a prototype circuit was built and tested using as input a signal obtained from ECG electrodes and Resistivity Needle Probes. The results from the experimental circuit matched those from simulation: a 97.6% noise reduction was obtained in simulations using a sinusoidal signal, and an 86.66% reduction was achieved using ECG electrodes in experimental tests. In both cases, the useful signal was preserved. The method and its architecture can be applied to attenuate interferences, which occur in the same frequency band as that of the useful signal components, while preserving these signals.