Determinação estatística dos contatos fluidos em perfis de poço

Abstract

In oil reservoirs, the effect of gravity naturally produces the fluid segregation. Due to capillary forces, there is no defined surface of separation between two differents fluids. However, it is common in petroleum engineering to admit a conventional fluid separation surface, called fluid interface or fluid contact. The depth location of the fluid contacts (oil-water, gas-water and gas-oil) inside the reservoir rocks, without the complete well log interpretation or the accomplishment of the direct procedures involved in formation tests, is a petroleum industry problem. The knowledge of this parameter can be used for well completation procedures and for positioning perforating services in vertical wells. Another application of fluid contact mapping can be to control the drilling bit in directional and horizontal wells, where such information is used to maintain the well axis inside the hydrocarbon zone in order to avoid water production. We present a methodology which can identify and locate fluid contacts, through an application of the multivariate statistical technique called discriminant analysis. For clastics deposits, with sand-shale sequences, discriminant analysis may provide the indication of lithology and the apparent thicknesses of the reservoirs. The well logs applied for the evaluation of this methodology (resistivity (RT), gamma ray (RG), density (ρb), neutronic porosity (ΦN), caliper (Cal) and shaleness (Vcla) are from wells in Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela.