Artigos Científicos - IECOS

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/6575

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Chemometric identification and nutritional evaluation of three species of Lutjanidae (Perciformes) from the Amazonian Atlantic Coast based on fatty acid profiles
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2016-12) ALMEIDA, Edilene Santos de; SILVA, Evaldo Martins da
The fatty acid (FA) profiles of fish species with a similar genetic or geographic origin are important quality parameters that attract bioecological interest because they are inﬂuenced by the nutritional habits of the species. The aim of this study was to determine the proximate compositions and FA profiles of heart, brain and muscle tissues from three fish species (Lutjanus purpureus, Lutjanus synagris and Ocyurus chrysurus) captured from the Amazonian Atlantic Coast. In addition to performing nutritional analysis of the FA profiles, principal components analysis (PCA) was performed as a chemometric tool to discriminate among the species. Lutjanus synagris had the highest protein content (18.23%), while O. chrysurus possessed the highest lipid content (4.25%). All of the nutritional quality parameters (the n-6/n-3 and Σ polyunsaturated FA/Σ saturated FA ratios and dietary indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity) of the FA profiles of the three species are of interest to consumers. In general, the predominant FA in the tissues of all species analyzed was palmitic acid, followed by stearic acid. Oleic acid was predominant among the monounsaturated FAs, while docosahexaenoic acid was the most prevalent polyunsaturated FA. Chemometric analysis was an effective tool for fish identification. PCA showed that the FA profiles of the brain tissues were optimal for discriminating among the species, with O. chrysurus showing the most different FA profile from the others. The muscle FA profile was the most useful for identifying L. purpureus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dactylogyrids (Platyhelminthes: Monogenoidea) from the gills of Hassar gabiru and Hassar orestis (Siluriformes: Doradidae) from the Xingu Basin, Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07) SOARES, Geusivam Barbosa; SANTOS NETO, João Flor dos; DOMINGUES, Marcus Vinicius
Four species of Cosmetocleithrum (three new) and one new species of Vancleaveus are described or reported parasitizing the gills of doradid catfishes (Siluriformes) from Xingu River and related tributaries: Cosmetocleithrum phryctophallus sp. nov. and Cosmetocleithrum bifurcum Mendoza-Franco, Mendoza-Palmero & Scholz, 2016 from Hassar orestis; Cosmetocleithrum leandroi sp. nov. from Hassar gabiru; Cosmetocleithrum akuanduba sp. nov. and Vancleaveus klasseni sp. nov. from Hassar orestis and H. gabiru. Cosmetocleithrum phryctophallus sp. nov. differs from its congeners by possessing a male copulatory organ (MCO) with 2 ½ counterclockwise rings, and an accessory piece with an elongate torch-shaped blade. Cosmetocleithrum leandroi sp. nov. has a MCO comprising a coil of about 3 ½ rings, a sigmoid accessory piece with a cup-shaped distal portion, a single type of hooks, and anchors with poorly differentiated roots. Cosmetocleithrum akuanduba sp. nov. is characterized mainly by having a J-shaped MCO, an elongate accessory piece with sharp distal region, distal portion with a small gutter, and a heavily sclerotized vagina with short “S”-shaped vaginal canal. Vancleaveus klasseni sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus occurring in doradids by possessing anchors with triangular to subtriangular superficial root, developed deep root, and a coiled MCO with 2 ½ counterclockwise rings. Cosmetocleithrum bifurcum was reported for the first time parasitizing doradids from Brazilian Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Genetic analysis reveals candidate species in the Scinax catharinae clade (Amphibia: Anura) from Central Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03) SILVA, Lídia Nogueira; SOLÉ, Mirco; SIQUEIRA JÚNIOR, Sérgio; AFFONSO, Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello; STRÜSSMANN, Strüssmann; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha
Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) is a species-rich genus of amphibians (113 spp.), divided into five species groups by morphological features. Cladistic analyses however revealed only two monophyletic clades in these groups: Scinax catharinae and Scinax ruber. Most species from the S. catharinae clade are found in Atlantic rainforest, except for Scinax canastrensis,S. centralis, S. luizotavioi, S. machadoi,S. pombali and S. skaios. In the present work, specimens of Scinax collected in Chapada dos Guimarães, central Brazil, were morphologically compatible with species from theS. catharinae group. On the other hand, genetic analysis based on mitochondrial (16S and 12S) and nuclear (rhodopsin) sequences revealed a nucleotide divergence of 6 to 20% between Scinax sp. and other congeners from the Brazilian savannah (Cerrado). Accordingly, Bayesian inference placed Scinax sp. in the S. catharinae clade with high support values. Hence, these findings strongly indicate the presence of a new species in the S. catharinae clade from the southwestern portion of the Brazilian savannah. To be properly validated as a novel species, detailed comparative morphological and bioacustic studies with other taxa from Brazil such asS. canastrensis, S. centralis, S. luizotavioi, S. machadoi, S. pombali and S. skaios are required
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Molecular data highlight hybridization in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri, Cebidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) CARNEIRO, Jeferson Costa; RODRIGUES FILHO, Luis Fernando da Silva; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha
Hybridization has been reported increasingly frequently in recent years, fueling the debate on its role in the evolutionary history of species. Some studies have shown that hybridization is very common in captive New World primates, and hybrid offspring have phenotypes and physiological responses distinct from those of the "pure" parents, due to gene introgression. Here we used the TA15 Alu insertion to investigate hybridization in the genus Saimiri. Our results indicate the hybridization of Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis with S. sciureus macrodon, and S. b. boliviensis with S. ustus. Unexpectedly, some hybrids of both S. boliviensis peruviensis and S. b. boliviensis were homozygous for the absence of the insertion, which indicates that the hybrids were fertile.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extruded snacks with the addition of different fish meals
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12) GOES, Elenice Souza dos Reis; SOUZA, Maria Luiza Rodrigues de; CAMPELO, Daniel Abreu Vasconcelos; YOSHIDA, Grazyella Massako; XAVIER, Tadeu Orlandi; MOURA, Lorena Batista de; MONTEIRO, Antonio Roberto Giriboni
Tilapia, salmon, tuna and sardine meals were prepared to develop and analyze extruded snacks with residue meal from fish processing. Residue meals were included in five types of corn snacks: control (0% fish meal) and four with 9% tilapia, salmon, tuna and sardine meals. Although moisture, lipids and carbohydrates rates did not differ among the snacks, protein rates increased with the increment of fish meal, reaching 11.85% in the tuna snack. Tuna and sardine snacks had the highest iron levels. The most abundant fatty acids were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, linolenic and stearic acids, with sardine, salmon and tuna snacks presenting the highest values of n-3 series fatty acids. Greater luminosity rate was reported for salmon snack, followed by tilapia, tuna and sardine snacks. The highest sensory acceptance index was verified in tilapia (78.07%) and salmon (72.40%). A 9% addition of residue meals of tilapia, salmon and tuna improved the nutritional value of the snacks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Genetic differentiation in the populations of red piranha, Pygocentrus nattereri Kner (1860) (Characiformes: Serrasalminae), from the river basins of northeastern Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11) LUZ, Luciana Alves da; REIS, Luana da Luz dos; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; BARROS, Maria Claudene; FRAGA, Elmary da Costa
The red piranha, Pygocentrus nattereri, is an important resource for artisanal and commercial fisheries. The present study determines the genetic differentiation among P. nattereri populations from the northeastern Brazilian state of Maranhão. The DNA was isolated using a standard phenol-chloroform protocol and the Control Region was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were sequenced using the didesoxyterminal method. A sequence of 1039 bps was obtained from the Control Region of 60 specimens, which presented 33 polymorphic sites, 41 haplotypes, һ =0.978 and π =0.009. The neutrality tests (D and Fs) were significant (P < 0.05) for most of the populations analyzed. The AMOVA indicated that most of the molecular variation (72%) arises between groups. The fixation index was highly significant (FST = 0.707, P < 0.00001). The phylogenetic analyses indicated that the specimens represented a monophyletic group. Genetic distances between populations varied from 0.8% to 1.9%, and were <0.5% within populations. The degree of genetic differentiation found among the stocks of P. nattereri indicates the need for the development of independent management plans for the different river basins in order to preserve the genetic variability of their populations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Effect of seasonal flooding cycle on litterfall production in alluvial rainforest on the middle Xingu River (Amazon basin, Brazil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08) CAMARGO-ZORRO, Mauricio; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; JESUS, Allan Jamesson Silva de
The assumption for this study was that litterfall in floodplain environments of the middle Xingu river follows a pattern of seasonal variation. According to this view, litterfall production (total and fractions) was estimated in four alluvial rainforest sites on the middle Xingu River over an annual cycle, and examined the effect of seasonal flooding cycle. The sites included two marginal flooded forests of insular lakes (Ilha Grande and Pimentel) and two flooded forests on the banks of the Xingu itself (Boa Esperança and Arroz Cru). Total litterfall correlated with rainfall and river levels, but whereas the leaf and fruit fractions followed this general pattern, the flower fraction presented an inverse pattern, peaking in the dry season. The litterfall patterns recorded in the present study were consistent with those recorded at other Amazonian sites, and in some other tropical ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Novel Microsatellite Markers for Brazilian Mangrove Oysters ( Crassostrea gasar ) and their Cross-Amplification in Crassostrea rhizophorae
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08) BALDEZ, Renata do Socorro Corrêa; MELO, Mauro Andre Damasceno de; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; TAGLIARO, Claudia Helena
A microsatellite CT/GT enriched genomic library was developed for Crassostrea gasar and twelve new polymorphic loci were isolated and characterized. The markers were successfully amplified from 25 individuals of Crassostrea gasar and 11 cross-amplified individuals of Crassostrea rhizophorae. There was no evidence of linkage between loci in either species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fotoperíodo e frequência alimentar na larvicultura do peixe beta
(FEPMVZ Editora, 2016-08) SALES, Abner Dias; VERAS, Galileu Crovatto; BRABO, Marcos Ferreira; ABRUNHOSA, Fernando Araujo; ALVES, Adriana Xavier; DIAS, Bruno César Brito; CAMPELO, Daniel Abreu Vasconcelos; FERREIRA, M.S.S.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, uniformity and survival of Betta splendens larvae, submitted to different photoperiods and feeding frequency. Four hundred and eighty individuals (4.53mg ± 0.32 and 5.51 ± 0.58mm) were randomly distributed into 48 plastic containers (1L) at a density of 10 larvae/L. A completely randomized design was used, with four replications in a factorial 6 x 2, six photoperiods (0L:24D, 6L:18D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D, 20L:4D, 24L:0D) and two feeding frequencies (two or four times a day). The larvae were fed performed with Artemia nauplii at averaging 800/ larvae/ day, for 15 days. Beta larvae subjected to photoperiod 12L:12D and 16L:8E showed the greatest weight gain (P<0.10), while those fed four times daily had greater length growth and uniformity (P<0.10). However, individuals fed four times daily had lower survival when subjected to photoperiod 16L:8E, 20L:4L and 24E:0D (P<0.10). On the other hand, larvae subjected to a photoperiod of 12L:12D, 16L:8L and 20L:4E showed higher survival rate when fed twice a day (P<0.10). Therefore, with the intention of better growth, uniformity and survival of Betta splendens larvae, it is recommended that the hatchery in this species be done under a photoperiod of 12L: 12D with supply of Artemia nauplii twice daily.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Structure and temporal variation of the phytoplankton of a macrotidal beach from the Amazon coastal zone
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09) QUEIROZ, Jislene Brito Matos; OLIVEIRA, Suellen Mara Oliveira de; PEREIRA, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da
The present study aimed to analyze the structure and the temporal variation of the phytoplankton of Ajuruteua beach (Bragança, Pará) and to investigate the influence of environmental variables on the dynamics of this community to provide a basis about the trophic state of this environment. Biological, hydrological and hydrodynamic samplings were performed during a nyctemeral cycle in the months of November/08, March/09, June/09 and September/09. We identified 110 taxa, which were distributed among the diatoms (87.3%), dinoflagellates (11.8%) and cyanobacteria (0.9%), with the predominance of neritic species, followed by the tychoplankton species. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were the highest during the rainy period (24.5 mg m-3), whereas total phytoplankton density was higher in the dry period (1,255 x 103 cell L-1). However, phytoflagellates density was significantly higher during the rainy period. Cluster Analysis revealed the formation of four groups, which were influenced by the monthly differences in the environmental variables. The Principal Component Analysis indicated salinity and chlorophyll-a as the main variables that explained the components. Spearman correlation analysis supported the influence of these variables on the local phytoplankton community. Overall, the results obtained suggest that rainfall and strong local hydrodynamics play an important role in the dynamic of the phytoplankton of Ajuruteua beach, by influencing both environmental and biological variables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Analysis of propagule pressure and genetic diversity in the invasibility of a freshwater apex predator: the peacock bass (genus Cichla)
(2014-03) CARVALHO, Daniel Cardoso de; OLIVEIRA, Denise Aparecida Andrade de; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; BEHEREGARAY, Luciano Bellagamba
An important step in invasive biology is to assess biological variables that could be used to predict invasion success. The study of genetics, evolution, and interactions of invasive and native species in invaded ranges provides a unique opportunity to study processes in population genetics and the capability of a species' range expansion. Here, we used information from microsatellite DNA markers to test if genetic variation relates to propagule pressure in the successful invasion of an apex predator (the Amazonian cichlid Cichla) into Southeastern Brazilian River systems. Invasive populations of Cichla have negatively impacted many freshwater communities in Southeastern Brazil since the 1960s. Reduction of genetic variation was observed in all invasive populations for both Cichla kelberi (CK) and Cichla piquiti (CP). For instance, heterozygosity was lower in the invasive range when compared to native populations from the Amazon basin (CP HE = 0.179/0.44; CK HE = 0.258/0.536 respectively). Therefore, despite the successful invasion of Cichla in southeast Brazil, low genetic diversity was observed in the introduced populations. We suggest that a combination of factors, such as Cichla's reproductive and feeding strategies, the "evolutionary trap" effect and the biotic resistance hypothesis, overcome their depauperete genetic diversity, being key aspects in this apex predator invasion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cytogenetic studies in six species of Scinax (Anura, Hylidae) clade Scinax ruber from northern and northeastern Brazil
(2015-06) SILVA, Lídia Nogueira; ZANONI, Juliani Bruna; SOLÉ, Mirco; AFFONSO, Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello; SIQUEIRA, Sérgio; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha
Scinax species are still underrepresented in cytogenetic studies, mainly with respect to populations from northeastern and northern Brazil. In this study, we provide new chromosomal information on Scinax boesemani, S. camposseabrai, S. garbei, S. pachycrus, S. trilineatus and S. x-signatus, all belonging to clade S. ruber. They were collected at two locations in the Caatinga biome (northeastern Brazil) and at one in the Amazon (northern Brazil) biomes. Chromosomes were analyzed by conventional staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR staining, and fluorochrome staining. All species shared a modal diploid value of 2n = 24 and fundamental arm number (FN) of 48. Moreover, both chromosomal size and morphology were similar to other species in this Scinax clade. C-banding revealed centromeric heterochromatin in all species, along with terminal species-specific C-bands in some species. Active nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) were identified at 11q in most species, except for S. boesemani and S. garbei (Ag-NORs at interstitial region of 8q). Differing from most anurans, GC-rich regions were not restricted to NORs, but also coincident with some centromeric and terminal C-bands. These data contribute to the cytotaxonomy of Scinax by providing chromosomal markers and demonstrating the occurrence of microstructural rearrangements and inversions on chromosomal evolution of Scinax.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Genetic identification of bucktooth parrotfish Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes, 1840) (Labridae, Scarinae) by chromosomal and molecular markers
(2014-12) PAIM, Fabilene Gomes; BRANDÃO, José Henrique Souza Galdino; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; AFFONSO, Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello; BEZERRA, Débora Diniz
Parrotfishes (Labridae, Scarinae) comprise a large marine fish group of difficult identification, particularly during juvenile phase when the typical morphology and coloration of adults are absent. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test cytogenetic markers and DNA barcoding in the identification of bucktooth parrtotfish Sparisoma radians from the northeastern coast of Brazil. Sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) confirmed all studied samples as S. radians, and all showed high similarity (99-100%) with Caribbean populations. The karyotype of this species was divergent from most marine Perciformes, being composed of 2n = 46 chromosomes. These consisted of a large number of metacentric and submetacentric pairs with small amounts of heterochromatin and GC-rich single nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) not syntenic to 5S rDNA clusters. These are the first data about DNA barcoding in parrotfish from the Brazilian province and the first refined chromosomal analysis in Scarinae, providing useful data to a reliable genetic identification of S. radians.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do fotoperíodo sobre a composição do filé de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo
(2014-06) VERAS, Galileu Crovatto; MURGAS, Luis David Solis; ZANGERONIMO, Márcio Gilberto; ROSA, Priscila Vieira; MIRANDA, José Rafael; BRABO, Marcos Ferreira
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the photoperiod on the fillet composition of Nile tilapia juveniles. We employed a completely randomized design with five treatments (0L:24D, 6L:18D, 12L:12D, 18L:6D, 24L:0D) and four replications. We used 160 Nile tilapia juveniles, distributed in 20 tanks containing 20 liters of water, in a recirculation systems, at controlled temperature of 27 ºC and density of eight fish per tank. Fish were fed twice a day with commercial extruded feed containing 40% crude protein. Samples of the fillet at the end of 75 days were collected and stored in a freezer at -80 ºC for subsequent analysis of chemical composition. There was no effect of photoperiod on moisture and ash content of the fillet (P>0.05). The period 18L:6D showed higher amounts of protein in the fillet, as well as lower amounts of fat (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the photoperiod can alter Nile tilapia body composition, and the photoperiod 18L:6D contributed to the higher concentration of crude protein and lower fat deposition in Nile tilapia fillets.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Analysis of fish assemblages in sectors along a salinity gradient based on species, families and functional groups
(2013-12) PASSOS, Ana Carolina dos; CONTENTE, Riguel Feltrin; ABBATEPAULO, Felippe Veneziani; SPACH, Henry Louis; VILA, Ciro Colodetti; JOYEUX, Jean Christophe; CARTAGENA, Beatriz Fernanda Chinchilla; FÁVARO, Luis Fernando
Here we test the effects of the east-west salinity gradient in the subtropical Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex (PEC) on the structure of shallow water fish fauna, determined according to taxonomic (families and species) and functional composition metrics. A total of 152 species were observed. The families with the largest number of species were the Sciaenidae, Carangidae, Haemulidae and Gobiidae. The most abundant species were Atherinella brasiliensis, Harengula clupeola, Anchoa januaria and Anchoa tricolor. Marine stragglers dominated in number of species, followed by marine migrants and estuarine species. Most species were zoobenthivores, followed by piscivores and zooplanktivores. Families and species more frequently associated with estuarine conditions dominated in the mesohaline sector, and those more frequently associated with marine conditions dominated in the euhaline sector. The fish assemblages along the estuarine salinity gradient were found to be better characterized by taxonomic metrics than by functional ones. This is most likely because individuals of all functional groups inhabit all salinity sectors, and thus these metrics are not useful for differentiating assemblages along salinity gradients. Our results differ from those of other studies in tropical and subtropical estuaries, which have emphasized the importance of functional groups in determining fish assemblages along salinity gradients.

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