Recuperação de áreas de reserva legal: influência da densidade nos indicadores ambientais do plantio de Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel

Abstract

The legal reserve is an area located within farm, provided the Brazilian Forest Code, which must be protected and present covered by natural vegetation, necessary for the conservation, protection of fauna and flora and rehabilitation of ecological processes, and serve as for ecological corridors for the gene flow species. Many properties have these deforested areas, altered and in advanced stages of degradation, making it important to study the behavior of plantations of fast-growing species in order to accelerate the restoration of natural vegetation and propose more effective techniques to recover these areas. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of homogeneous density planting Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel, at seven and a half years old, as a catalyst effect of the regeneration process. The experiment is located in Genesis Farm, Dom Eliseu, Pará. Avaluated the growth and investigate that precipitation interferes with the diametric growth of the trees, it was installed in blocks, random plots with four replicates per treatment. To characterize the floristic composition, richness, diversity and similarity of natural regeneration under plantation were installed in each treatment (spacing), plots with eight repetitions for three classes of evaluation of regeneration. And to characterize the floristic composition, richness, diversity and similarity of the soil seed bank were installed randomly eight points of the soil collect with four replications for each treatment, were collect four composite samples from eight and taken to the greenhouse at Embrapa - CPATU which were placed in plastic trays and watered daily, this experiment was a period of four months and every thirty days the germinated seedlings were counted and identified by a botanical. The trees were higher in the 4m x 2m spacing, larger diameter in the spacing 4m x 3m, greater survival in 4m x 4m spacing. Natural regeneration showed a greater similarity in floristic composition between spacings 4m x 2m and 4m x 3m, the values of Shannon diversity index were high and did not differ statistically between the spacings. The seed bank showed greater richness of seedlings in the spacing 4m x 3m, greater similarity in composition between spacings 4m x 2m and 4m x 4m. The species diversity at level 5% of significance did not differ between the spacings. The results demonstrated that the areas have been recovered and that some techniques may be applied seeking to reduce costs and through appropriate management will can accelerate the ecological processes of natural regeneration.