Estudo experimental de transitórios eletromagnéticos em sistemas de aterramento elétrico devidos a pulsos de descargas atmosféricas

Abstract

In this dissertation, we present a study on the transient and steady-state behaviors of grounding systems when subjected to surges with the waveform of a lightning discharge. The analyses of grounding systems were made using data obtained through experiments conducted in the field and numerical simulations based on the finite-difference method applied to solve Maxwell’s equations in the time domain. In numerical simulations, the experimental setup (rods, cables, resistor and injected signal) and the electromagnetic parameters (conductivity, permittivity and magnetic permeability) of soil and vacuum were modeled numerically. There was good agreement between the measured signals during the experimental tests and their respective signals obtained numerically. This agreement between measured and simulated transient signals was obtained by taking certain technical precautions when designing the experimental setup. Such technical precautions, which are usually not explicitly mentioned in technical literature, are properly addressed and discussed in this dissertation.