Infância, educação e criança: um estudo histórico-literário nas obras Serões da Mãe Preta e Chove nos Campos de Cachoeira (1897-1920)

Abstract

In the field of social history of childhood in the Amazon, the thesis titled Childhood Education and Children a historical-literary study Serões da Mãe Preta and Chove nos Campos de Cachoeira (1897-1920) is guided by the following research question: Which place the child take, as a subject, in Firesides works Serões da Mãe Preta, de Juvenal Tavares and Chove nos Campos de Cachoeira,de Dalcídio Jurandir, from the relationship with the historical contexts, economic, cultural and educational in State o Para, between the years 1897 to 1920? To answer this question, the study’s main idea was to examine childhood, education and the place that the child occupies, as a subject, in Firesides works of Serões da Mae Preta, de Juvenal Tavares and Chove nos Campos de Cachoeira, de Dalcídio Jurandir, the from the historical contexts, socio-political, economic, cultural and educational in State of Para, between the years 1897-1920. The study was based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of the New Cultural History, with an emphasis on the concepts of representation, practices and ownership, and the relationships established between history and literature associated with the sociological concept of childhood. The first milestone marks the height of the rubber boom, favoring the republican government’s investment in childhood education, leading to the publication of the fireside work Mãe Preta for children's reading in schools in the state of Pará. The end of cycle rubber shows political context of firesides work of Chove nos Campos de Cachoeira. In constant dialogue with the literature and the historical, political, economic, cultural and educational context, the corpus of analysis made by these works considers the proposition articulated by the author. The place of his speech, his ideas, his productions and his broader social relations overtaking the limits of a biographical characterization are indispensable. Also, it uses subsidiary documentary sources to dialogue with literary texts. From the analysis, the thesis points out that those writers do different childhood representations displaying the different places that the child occupies in the literary discourse. In Serões da Mãe Preta, there are clues that the author reports, through his characters, to a childhood under construction supported by a comfortable economic situation in which the child is represented as a person who needs to learn moral values and social to be recognized and accepted socially. Already in the Chove nos Campos de Cachoeira, the misery of the place refers to a poor childhood. The child is represented as knowledgeable of their environment, their situation of oppression and the will to break away from that which ails them, using imagery as a backdrop to leave the real world, characterized by the absence of the right to live and educate in dignity.