Simulação de ensaio de impulso atmosférico em transformadores de baixa indutância utilizando circuito Glaninger e programa ATP para o laboratório de extra alta tensão da UFPA

Abstract

One of the major difficulties observed in high voltage laboratories is the adjustment of the atmospheric (voltage) impulse waveform during the tests. This difficulty is due to the fact that, most of the time, the capacitance of the object under test is not known, and it is not possible to make an exact calculation of the parameters to be used in the impulse generator. In the case of transformer tests, these difficulties increase because, in addition to the inherent capacitance of their insulation, there is also an inductance contribution to the test circuit from their windings. This fact makes it even more difficult to obtain a normalized waveform according to the NBR IEC 60060-1 standard. The present Master's Dissertation presents and evaluates methodologies that allow the performance of standardized voltage impulse tests in transformers with low inductances, common in electric power distribution systems. It will be highlighted in the results obtained with the insertion of a Glaninger circuit, compared to the methodology based on the increase of the total parallel resistance of the circuit under test. The computational simulations are performed in the ATP (Alternative Trasient Program) program, using rated values of physical parameters of the high voltage equipment of the Extra High Voltage Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará (LEAT). Through an initial modeling of the voltage impulse generator of the LEAT in the ATP program, the simulated results are validated by performing a real test in the LEAT. After validation, a test simulation in a low inductance distribution transformer is performed in order to present the deformations in the waveform of the impulse that occur, due to the low inductances of the transformer windings. Through the introduction of a suitably adapted Glaninger circuit, the solution to the above problem is presented, permitting tests on transformers with low inductances to be performed according to criteria established by current standards.