Avaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica segundo os modelos de uso e ocupação do território na bacia do Rio Guamá–Pará, Amazônia Oriental

Abstract

The Guamá river basin covers nineteen municipalities in Northeast of Pará, region whit the highest demographic density in the state. The objective of this research is to apply the water sustainability index for Guamá river basin, from hydrological aspects (using the Curve Number methodology), environmental (analysis of the percentage of area composed of vegetation), social (indexes that contribute to analyze the quality of life) and management (the analysis of the institutional potential). For a better analysis, the Guamá river basin was divided into eight sub-basins. The results for the hydrological indicator showed a medium feature in relation to sub-basins; the environmental indicator showed the difference of the sub-basins in relation to the vegetation cover; the social indicator presented worse performance in relation to the other indicators; and the management indicator presented characteristics that point to the need to a Institutional strengthening. The Guamá river basin presents the intermediate sustainability index. Considering the context in which this river basin is located, measures are needed for strategic planning related to the management, and the managers and other sectors of society should work more efficiently to minimize pressures on the remaining vegetation, to strengthen institutional capacity and improve the quality of resources and life of the population, with the intention of potentiate the sustainability of the entire basin.