2026-09-082026-09-082022-12-20Florêncio, Cybelle Bezerra Sousa. Esperança, expectativas de futuro, estresse e depressão: impacto sobre a saúde mental na adolescência. Orientador: Simone Souza da Costa Silva. 2022. 178 f. Tese (Doutorado em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento) - Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 2022. Disponível em: . Acesso em: .https://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/18629Mental health in adolescence, especially in the last year of high school, is considered complex, multifactorial, and is influenced by emotional conditions, personal and contextual demands, which can constitute risk and protective factors. Investigating variables that act in these two directions (protection and risk) can help in the process of a more positive development of the adolescent. The general objective of this thesis was to evaluate hope, expectation for the future, stress and depression in adolescence in different school contexts (public school, private secular and confessional) in students of the 3rd year of high school, comparing the impact that these variables have on the adolescent mental health. Four studies were carried out with different but complementary methodologies. The first study aimed to describe the instruments used in research on future expectations to measure or qualify this variable in populations of adolescents through a Systematic Literature Review - SLR. The review did not find a standardization of the instruments used to measure future expectations, pointing out a lack of instruments to assess future expectations in adolescents, especially in Brazil. Only one instrument validated for research with Brazilian adolescents was noted, the FESA (Future expectations scale of adolescents), by McWhirter and McWhirter (2008), which was adapted for samples in Brazil. The second study described future expectations in a sample of 123 Pre-ENEM students, from the 3rd year of high school, in different school contexts. Students from secular and confessional private schools had more positive future expectations compared to public school students, where lower future expectations were found, indicating that their students were more exposed to risk factors that compromised their future expectations. With the same sample, the third study described the relationship between stress, depression and hope among themselves, and with sociodemographic characteristics, in high school seniors. The strong association of variables was pointed out, in a relationship between high stress, high depression and low hope, as well as low stress, low depression and high hope. The study also pointed out the important association of gender, type of school and religion with emotional variables. Females showed higher indicators of emotional vulnerability, and private confessional school was associated with high stress and high depression. The fourth study examined the mental health of the 123 pre-ENEM adolescents in the sample and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics within the school context, based on a mental health index, built with the variables stress, depression, hope and expectations for the future. The study pointed to an association of high ISMG (General Mental Health Index) with secular private schools and public schools, as well as with evangelical religion and male gender. The low ISMG was strongly associated with confessional private school, with adolescents who declared themselves to be spiritists or not having a religion, and with the female gender. Future expectations and hope were configured not only as protective factors, but also as factors that promote adolescent mental health. And the sociodemographic variables associated with hope and expectations for the future can add even more protective value to pre-ENEM adolescents.Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/AdolescentesTeenagersExpectativas de futuroFuture expectationsDepressãoDepressionEsperançaHopeEstresseStressTeseCNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIAECOLOGIA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANOECOETOLOGIA