2018-01-292018-01-292017-03-07Rodríguez, Roxiris Auxiliadora Azuaje. Sistemática molecular e implicações para a conservação de uma linhagem endêmica da Amazônia: o gênero Hylexetastes Sclater, 1889 (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae). 2017. 70 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Pará, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belém, 2017. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Disponível em: <http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9407>. Acesso em:.https://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9407The genus Hylexetastes is endemic to the Amazon rainforest. Currently, two species are accepted in the genus (H. perrotti and H. stresemannii), each one divided into three subspecies. Nevertheless, some authors defend that the subspecies of H. perrotti should be considered as full species. In particular, H. p. brigidai is an endemic taxon from Pará and Mato Grosso and seems to have the smallest distribution area. This lineage is distributed by the most deforested region within the biome and thus its taxonomic status is of particular concern for conservation. So far, only morphological characters have been evaluated for taxonomic definition of this genus. Therefore, in this study we present a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis to help solve the taxonomic uncertainties within the genus. Fragments of two mitochondrial markers (Cytb and ND2) and three nuclear markers (BF5, G3PDH and MUSK) were sequenced on 58 Hylexetastes specimens. In addition, ecological niche modeling was developed for each of the identified strains to evaluate their potential distribution area, climatic requirements and their vulnerability to deforestation. The phylogenetic analyzes support the designation of H. perrotti, H. uniformis and H. brigidai as full species, and H. perrotti seems to be a sister species of H. stresemanni and not of the other taxa considered co-specific. In addition, it was possible to distinguish the presence of two Significant Evolutionary Units within H. uniformis. Each of these taxa are distributed in different interfluvial / endemic areas of the Amazon basin. In particular, it confirms the status of full species for H. brigidai, endemic to the second area of Amazonian endemism with greater deforestation. Thus, we suggest the continued in-depth evaluation of its conservation status to promote its preservation.Acesso AbertoFilogeografia - AmazôniaAve - Amazônia - Distribuição geográficaZoologia - ClassificaçãoDissertaçãoCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIASISTEMÁTICA E TAXONOMIAEVOLUÇÃO