2014-06-272014-06-271998-03-02BARBOSA, Valéria Cristina Ferreira. Mapeamento do relevo do embasamento de bacias sedimentares através da inversão gravimétrica vinculada. 1998. 98 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Pará, Centro de Geociências, Belém, 1998. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Geofísica.https://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/5163We present three new stable gravity inversion methods to estimate the relief of an interface separating two media. Solution stability is attained by introducing a priori information about the interface, through the minimization of one (or more) stabilizing functional. These methods are, therefore, characterized by the physical and geological information incorporated to the problem. The first method, named global smoothness, estimates the depths to the interface at discrete points by assuming that the density contrast between the media is known. To stabilize the inverse problem, we introduce two different constraints: (a) proximity between the true and estimated interface depths at a few isolated points, and (b) proximity between the estimated depths at adjacent points. The combination of these two constraints impose a uniform degree of smoothness all over the estimated interface, minimizing, simultaneously, the misfit between the known and estimated depths at a few boreholes, for example. The second method, named weighted smoothness, estimates the interface depths at discrete points, assuming that the density contrast is known a priori. In this method, it is incorporated the information that the interface is smooth almost everywhere, but at a few fault discontinuities. To incorporate this attribute to the estimated relief, we developed an iterative process where three kinds of constraints are imposed on parameters: (a) weighted smoothness between values of adjacent parameters, (b) lower and upper bounds on the estimated depths, and (c) proximity between the values of the parameters and a known numerical value. Starting with an initial solution produced by the global smoothness method, this method enhances initially estimated geometric features of the interface; that is, flat areas will tend to become flatter and steep areas will tend to become steeper. This is accomplished by weighting the constraints which require proximity between adjacent parameters. The weights are updated at each iteration so as to enhance the discontinuities detected in a subtle way by the global smoothness method. Constraints (b) and (c) are used both to compensate for the decrease in solution stability due to the introduction of small weights, and to reinforce flatness at the basin bottom. Constraint (b) imposes that any depth be nonnegative and smaller than an a priori known maximum depth value whereas constraint (c) imposes that all depths be closest to a value deliberately violating the maximum depth. The trade-off between these conflicting constraints is attained with a final relief presenting fiat bottom and steep borders. The third method, named minimum moment of inertia, estimates the density contrasts of a subsurface region discretized into elementary prismatic cells. It incorporates the geological information that the interface to be mapped encompasses an anomalous source which besides presenting horizontal extents much larger than its largest vertical extent, exhibits bordes dipping either vertically or toward the center of mass, and that most of the anomalous mass (or mass deficiency) is concentrated, in a compact way, about a reference level. Conceptually, these information are introduced through the minimization of the moment of inertia of the anomalous sources with respect to a reference level coinciding with the mean topographic surface. This minimization is performed in a subspace of parameters consisting of compact sources and presenting bordes which dip either vertically or toward the ce4ter of mass. Effectivelly, these informations are introduced by means of an iterative process starting with a tentative solution dose to the null solution, and adds, at each iteration, a contribution which has minimum moment of inertia with respect to the reference level, in such a way that the estimate of the next iteration does not violate the bounds on the density contrast and minimizes, at the same time, the misfit between the observed and the fitted data. Additionally, the iterative process "freezes" a density estimate if it becomes very dose to either bound. The final solution at the end of the iterative process is an estimated solution exhibiting a compact mass distribution concentrated about the reference level, whose density contrast distribution is dose to the upper (in absolute value) bound established a priori. All three methods were applied to synthetic and field gravity data, produced, respectively, by simulated and real sedimentary basins. The global smoothness method produced a good reconstruction of the basin structural framework even when the true basements were not globally smooth, as was the case of the Recôncavo Basin, Brazil. This method presents, however, the lowest resolution as compared with the other two methods. The weighted smoothness method improved the resolution of basements presenting disontinuities produced by gravity faults with large vertical offsets. It is, therefore, potentially useful in interpreting the structural framework of extensional basins as illustrated both with synthetic data and data from the Steptoe Valley, Nevada, USA and from Recôncavo Basin, Brazil. The minimum moment of inertia method was also applied to synthetic data and data from Recôncavo Basin and from San Jacinto Graben, California, USA. The results showed that, as compared with the other two methods, this method produces excellent estimates of a basement relief consisting of several adjacent discontinuities with small vertical offsets. This is a remarkable advantage over the weighted smoothness method which requires that the interface present few, local discontinuities with large vertical offsets.porAcesso AbertoGeofísicaProspecção - Métodos geofísicosBacias sedimentaresInversão gravimétricaTeseCNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS::GEOFISICA::GRAVIMETRIA