2017-06-142017-06-141981-11-19LEMOS, Vanda Porpino. Alteração supergênica das rochas básicas do grupo Grão-Pará: implicações sobre a gênese do depósito de bauxita de N5 - Serra dos Carajás. Orientador: Raimundo Netuno Nobre Villas. 1981. 97 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Geofísicas e Geológicas) - Universidade Federal do Pará, Centro de Geociências, Belém, 1981. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8703. Acesso em:.https://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/8703The present study deals with the supergene alteration of the basic volcanic rocks of the Grão Pará Group and gathers evidences that support the N5 bauxite deposit (Carajás Sierra) to be an extreme product of this alteration. In the lack of a continuous profile, this hypothesis was tested with a composed profile using the subsurface information available for the contiguous N4 plateau where the whole weathered sequence could be observed. The bauxite-rich and lateritic horizons, only developed in N5, were then assumed to be a part of that sequence and taken as its more superficial levels. The basic volcanic rocks are of precambrian age and were classified as tholeiitic basalts compositionally similar to those of the calc-alkaline suites that occur in modern island ares (TiO2-Zr/P2O5 diagram). The primary mineral assembly is dominantly composed of labradorite and pigeonite-augite and has zircon, ilmenite and opaque minerals as the major accessory phases. Hydrothermal activity caused mineralogical changes in theses rocks producing chlorite, epidote, calcite, sericite, amphibole and quartz. Significant chemical and mineralogical changes were induced by the weathering in these rocks and could be evaluated to depths up to 140 m. The serbidecomposed material showed substantial losses of CaO, Na2O and FeO (this due to partial oxidation to Fe+3) and less important lasses of SiO2, MgO and K2O. In contraposition there was relative enrichment of Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2 and P2O5 besides major gains of H2O. This new chemical environment favored the formation of compatible stable phases represented, in order of abundance, by chlorite, smectite-chlorite, opaque minerals and quartz. The totally decomposed basalts revealed an aimost complete loss of alkalls, MgO and CaO, with SiO2 contents dimishing to values of approximately 40% of its initial quantities. This enhanced great relative gains of Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2 and P2O5 and H2O with respect to the previous alterations stage. The resulting mineral assembly turned out be dominated by kaolinite, goethite and titanium oxides, and secondarily by gibbsite and quartz. Determinations of Cr, Ni, Co and Zr were done for both the bas.alts and its weathered equivalents. Enrichment factors of the order of 1.5 to 5.0 generally progressive towards the surface indicate the greater or lesser mobility of these elements within the supergene environment. Cr, Ni and Co were retained by coprecitpitation with iron hidroxides while Zr was accounted for by the preservation of zircon as a residual mineral. The N5 bauxite deposit consists of a gibbsite-rich upper layer with an average thickness of 4.7 m and average chemical composition of 3-.13% SiO2, 2.3% TiO2, 47.0% Al2O3, 23.0% Fe2O3 and 24.0% volatiles. Mineralogically it is composed of gibbsite, kaolinite, titanium oxides and iron hidroxides (goethite). The subjacent layers show distinct chemical constitution but the mineral suites differ in the proportions rather than in the kinds of the phases present. Downwards it is observed 1) a lateritic crust as thick as 10 m, 2) a gibbsite-rich clay that do not exceed 35 m in thickness and 3) an argillaceous horizon of indefinite thickness. The lateritic crust has an average chemical composition of 3.6% SiO2, 2.0% TiO2, 28.0% Al2O3, 47.0% Fe2O3 and 19.0% volatiles, and a mineralogy dominated by hematite, kaolinite, iron hidroxides, titanium oxides and subordinate quantities of gibbsite. The gibbsite-rich clay has average proportions of 24.0%, 2.0%, 28.0%, 32.0% and 13.0.% for SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and volatiles respectively while the argillaceous horizon shows average proportions of 47.0%, 1.5%, 20.0%, 22.0% and 7.5% for these same components in that order. The mineral assembly of these two last levels is dominated by kaolinite, gibbsite, titanium oxides and iron hydroxides although hematite appears only in the gibbsite-rich clay while goethite and quartz appear, only ,in, the argillacebus horizon. The identification of heavy minerals in samples of both the decomposed basalt and the bauxite material revealed the same suite consisting of ilmenite, zircon and tourmaline, the latter mineral being found in greater abundances in the bauxite. Boron determinations from samples of the various horizons of both sequentes (N4 and N5) indicated contente that varied from 70 to 100 ppm, justifying /the probable presence of tourmaline even in the rocks from which was not possible to separate heavy minerals. The integration of all these data allowed the interpretation of the N5 bauxite plateau as a residual deposit of the supergene alteration of the volcanic basic rocks of the Grão Pará. Group with basis on 1) the chemical and mineralogical identities between the two sequences, especially the decomposed basalt and the gibbsite-rich clay, 2) the chemical correspondente that suggests the argillaceous horizon to be an intermediate stage of alteration between the semidecomposed and the decomposed basalt, 3) the presence of gibbsite in the decomposed basalt suggesting a stage of evolution which, given enough time and the appropriate conditions, could produce a material progressively rich in alumina and 4) typical trace elements of basic rocks present in relatively high concentrations in the bauxite deposit and, taken the genetic link for granted, showing enrichment or impoverishment factors along a common trend from the unaltered basalt to the bauxite material. Special attention was paid to the lateritic crust that formed underlying the bauxite deposit. It has been interpreted as a result of the relativo mobility of Fe and Pd, under Eh-pH conditions that favored the descending movement of Fe and the fixation of in the upper horizons.Acesso AbertoCinza vulcânica, tufo, etcGeoquímica de superfícieGeoquímica analíticaBauxitaIntemperismoBalanço geoquímicoSerra dos Carajás - PADissertaçãoCNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS::GEOLOGIA::GEOQUIMICA