Modelagem de uso da terra na bacia hidrográfica do rio Marapanim no nordeste do estado do Pará

Abstract

To analyze the dynamics of deforestation from the land use, to help understand the current processes and reflect upon the future. For this purpose, the object for this study was the Marapanim River hydrographic basin, located in the Northeast region of the State of Pará (PA), situated in one of the oldest agricultural colonization borders in the Amazon, which suffered a disordered occupation process culminating with strong pressure over its vegetation cover. The intense land use mischaracterized the natural landscape arising from economic acceleration contributing to the transformation of the forest and natural ecosystems in changed areas, compromising the natural resources. Methodologically, it is a research with quantitative approach, which mapping studies of the land use and occupation in the river basin allowed, through statistic parameters, the monitoring of the natural or human-made changes. Currently, the region undergoes a change in its land use dynamic before a new agro- energetic border through the introduction and expansion of dendê, which emerges as a way to contain the soy and livestock growth. It was made an analysis of the landscape transformations through techniques of remote sensing, geo-processing, and dynamic modeling. Dynamic models were created through the use of the LuccME modeling framework, developed by the Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre (CCST) of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) and collaborators in order to computationally represent the changes in land use and their determining factors. It was made simulations for the period of 2008-2017. The results show that 80% of the basin area was deforested and that the few remains present in the basin area are being converted to agricultural and livestock activity. In addition to this grave scenario of vegetal suppressing, the fragmentation of the forest causes the fragmentation of habitat and loss of biodiversity. To change this situation, it is recommended as an alternative the articulation of efficient, structured, and continuous public policies as well as actions connected to the structuring proposed in the municipalities master plans, to the integrated management, to the formation of production chain that guarantees the sustainable use of the natural resources, to the incentive for the creation of UCs, given that there are only two, both of sustainable use. The public policies would allow the conservation and protection of the forestry remains and would contribute to the improvement in the environmental situation in the area of the hydrographic basin of the Marapanim River (PA).