O turismo de base comunitária como possibilidade de gestão de recursos naturais e desenvolvimento local da RESEX marinha Mocapajuba – São Caetano de Odivelas – PA

Abstract

Local sustainable development is the process of social change that seeks to make economic growth compatible with environmental conservation, quality of life and social equity. The practice of sustainable tourism uses natural and cultural heritage in order to encourage its conservation, encouraging the emergence of experiences that promote local development, in addition to offering new perspectives for development and promoting the well-being of the populations involved. The Conservation Units since their first conceptions have as their objective the public use focused on the practices of tourism, leisure and recreation, in order to use them as a tool for monitoring and protecting the biodiversity of such areas. It is noted that Community Based Tourism (TBC), a type of tourism management, which aims at community protagonism, in all processes of organization, elaboration and execution of tourist activity. In addition to conserving environmental resources, culture and the well-being of these local populations to the utmost. The lived experience implements an environmental awareness in its practitioners, in addition to exchanges of knowledge between community members and tourists. Given the above, the TBC could be an alternative vector for raising awareness of conservation and developing an ecological awareness, in addition to generating work and income and valuing local culture. Thus, this study aims to carry out an analysis on local development and its applicability in sustainable tourism - TBC, taking into account its applicability in protected areas. This dissertation had as main objective to analyze the possibility of Community Based Tourism (TBC) to be implanted in the Marine Extractive Reserve, having as object of study the communities: Boa Vista, Cachoeira and Sede Municipal. To carry out this research and to answer the questions raised, it was necessary to develop a theoretical-methodological framework that would enable us to understand the observations made in the field through a dialogue with the theory. Qualitative research was chosen based on descriptive, exploratory studies supported by data collection and institutional material, made available by the UC manager, in addition to the information obtained in the field research, with observation, interviews, oral narratives and through the SWOT Matrix and by the Falado Map, dynamics applied in the workshops, carried out in order to understand the daily life and social processes of the studied communities. Therefore, we seek to base the study on theories that deal with tourism, articulating with the notion of the use of territory, space and place as a social aspect. It was noted that community members believe that TBC is a medium with great potential for social transformation and as an alternative to nature conservation, social inclusion, in addition to being able to generate income for the locality. However, the same depends on the organization and collective will. In addition, it is necessary to manage the conservation unit to implement the management plan, so that the guidelines for public use have been defined.