Gestão ambiental compartilhada: arranjos de implementação do licenciamento ambiental municipal no estado do Pará

Abstract

The exercise of environmental management in the shared logic is a pressing need in the Amazon, without which the efficiency of environmental management in the region is compromised. The research started from the analysis of the normative arrangements that govern the institutional relationship between State and municipalities, encompassing constitutional and infraconstitutional legislation. Based on the understanding that environmental licensing is one of the main political and multi- functional instruments of environmental management, this relationship was analyzed with a focus on the implementation of municipal environmental licensing. A comparative examination of the Resolutions of the State Environmental Councils of the states of the Legal Amazon was carried out with regard to the licensing municipalization, aiming to obtain proposals that could contribute to the improvement of Municipal Environmental Management in the state of Pará and, in addition, obtain the current panorama of shared environmental management in the Amazon region. Posteriorly, there were participations in Trainings promoted by SEMAS/PA aimed at municipal environmental managers, called Training and Development of Municipal Environmental Management - TDGEAM, where it was possible to interact with the participating managers and learn a little about the environmental management of the municipalities represented. SEMAS technicians were interviewed, among them the Environmental Management Articulation and Municipalization Manager and questionnaires were delivered to the 144 (one hundred and forty-four) environmental managers of the Municipal Environmental Secretariats of the state of Pará. Of these, only 27 (twenty-seven) municipalities responded. Then, a survey was carried out of the main characteristics that involve the environmental management of each of these municipalities for the purpose of verifying the demand for actions shared between the federal entities. This methodological path made it possible to see the scenario in which the municipalization of environmental licensing is found in the state of Pará. Despite the undeniable normative advance of shared environmental management, it was observed that environmental licensing has not yet been exercised effectively in the shared logic in general in the states and municipalities of the Legal Amazon and specifically in the state of Pará, the focus of this work. Progress has been made, including in the course of this research, even within the scope of the inter-federative relations, but it cannot yet be said that in that State the shared model of environmental management is fully exercised. In several situations, there is no mutual cooperation between the federal entities, this is noticeable even in the rules that govern state and municipal licensing. To change this scenario, a progressive alignment of the inter- federative legal and institutional structure is necessary, especially regarding the environmental management promoted by organs state and municipal environment agencies of the state of Pará, as well as by federal agencies, also active in this region.