Produção, fracionamento e desacidificação de biocombustíveis obtidos via craqueamento térmico catalítico de óleos vegetais

Abstract

In this work, we investigated the following steps: (1) production step of biofuels via catalytic thermal cracking; (2) fractionation step of the biofuels and (3) treating step of the biofuels by applying the liquid-liquid extraction and adsorption as alternatives deacidification of biofuels. The results of biofuel production step show that conversion varied from 86 to 97%. The yield in OLP increased from 41 to 76%, and the physicochemical properties such as TAN, decreased with increasing percentage of catalyst. The GC-MS results show that increasing the percentage catalyst promotes an increase in the content of hydrocarbons and reduction of oxygenates in the OLP. The olefins are the main classes of hydrocarbons present in the OLP. The OLP fractionation showed that the major distilled fraction is heavy diesel fraction followed by light diesel, reaching a maximum yield of 36.37 and 30.51%, respectively. In relation to the deacidification step by liquid-liquid extraction, the results show that increasing the concentration of water in the solvent causes a decrease in the partition ratio of acid. The methyl alcohol was the only solvent showed an increase in their FFA removal capacity with increasing temperature. Regarding the deacidification of distilled fractions by adsorption, the results indicate that the red mud chemically activated with 0.25, 1 and 2M HCl show a high potential for application in adsorptive processes of FFA, since qt these adsorbents was greater than 2000 mg/g.