Fiscalização ambiental e análise multitemporal da ocupação e uso do solo no assentamento rural Nova Colina, no estado do Amapá

Abstract

This study analyzes the evolution of land use and occupation within the limits of agricultural settlement New Hill, economic activities implanted these areas and environmental surveillance actions taken by the government in this settlement located in the rural municipalities of Macapá and Porto Grande in the state of Amapá. The beginning of the analysis takes place before and after the legal settlement of creation, in order to evaluate the use change and land use in the production units of the rural settlement New Hill as local development factor through satellite images. A priori, processing and analysis of remote the years 1991 sensing images, in 2006 and 2014 allowed the identification of classes as cloud and / or shade, forest, secondary forest and bare soil, thus presenting an increase in changing the natural cover nesting over time. The percentage of exposed soil has increased by 3, 5 and 18% along the respective years. Then we assessed the types of usage in the settlement with the purpose of qualifying previously quantified changes. The main types of identified use were subsistence agriculture with 47% of the total, also known as family farming, followed by fruit with 20%, livestock 15%, PMFS 15% and other uses 3%, and still He noted that after the establishment of the settlement there was a significant increase on the area deforested mostly in family units designed for alternative use of the soil under regime of family farming that has worked various activities mentioned above targeting local development. It was finally held a discussion of the legal instruments for environmental control by the state at the state and federal level in the face of changes in land use and settlement in New Hill. In this bias were identified 21 tax assessments at the state level, prevailing in this, the offenses committed by forest byproduct of transport without forest origin documentation with a percentage of 67%. In the federal level were registered 14 offenses and 57% of them by implementing forest management plans at odds with environmental authorization granted by the competent environmental agency. So the geoinformation technologies employed in this work has helped to identify the changes in the space resulting from human activities of land use.