Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido - PPGDSTU/NAEA

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2294

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) pertence ao Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA), da Universidade Federal do Pará. O NAEA existe desde 1972, quando foi concebido como uma unidade de Pós-Graduação e de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar voltada à análise da dinâmica social, econômica e ambiental da Amazônia. No plano institucional, tinha a finalidade, enquanto instituto interdisciplinar, de propiciar a integração da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em suas diversas áreas de conhecimento, além de iniciar propostas de integração de pesquisas e ensino de pós-graduação no plano internacional, principalmente no que diz respeito à Pan-Amazônia.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10

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Corpo, ambiente e aprendizagem: etnografia sensorial sobre o mundo da vida cotidiana em comunidade camponesas amazônicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-26) ALVES, Vitória Mendes; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700042332015787
This is an interdisciplinary research that discusses the connection between body, environment and ways of technical apprenticeship with the socio-environmental indicators (COSTA, FERNANDES 2016) of amazonian agroextrative peasantry. The field work was carried out in the region of the islands of Mocajuba, specifically in the locality of São Joaquim, lower Tocantins region, state of Pará. Using sensory etnography (PINK, 2009) as the method and assuming a phenomenological approach, we take as a starting point the lifeworld (SCHUTZ, 1970) and daily life of peasant communities. Experiences such as shrimp fishing, cocoa extractivism and preparing fish for consumption are described in order to demonstrate the link between techniques of the body and the environment in which they inhabit. Thus, we conclude that a) these techniques are not transmited, but taught and learned by a complex sensorial engagement with the environment (LAVE, 2015) and b) the entanglement body-environment (INGOLD, 2015) is central to peasant daily life, which implies interpreting it while overcoming the dualisms of culture/nature and production/reproduction. These connections partially explain the socio-environmental virtuosity expressed in the data.
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Deslocamento compulsório em Breu Branco: experiência da perda e perda da experiência na dinâmica de habitar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-26) MERCÊS, Jorge Augusto Santos das; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700042332015787
This research deals with the memory of people compulsorily displaced since 1984 by the implementation of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHE-Tucuruí). From a phenomenological approach to the problem, the thesis proposes to understand and describe the flows of memory of an event of intense violence in what is lost, sometimes in the form of concealment of meaning as a political strategy; sometimes as an interdiction of the signifier in the chain of meaning, aiming at the contribution of this dynamic to the conformation of affections related to dwelling. For this purpose, field research with an ethnographic profile was carried out in intermittent months between 2016, 2017 and 2018 and in 2022. During the periods of field work, participant observation was carried out, with immersion in the daily life of the interlocutors of this research, consultation with personal files composed , above all, for photos; as well as carrying out semi-structured and non-structured interviews with compulsorily displaced people in the municipality of Breu Branco during the first phase of the UHE-Tucuruí works, which took place between the years 1970 and 1980. The filling of the reservoir of this hydroelectric plant caused the submersion of fourteen villages, among them, Breu Velho (object of this research). Bearing in mind that this research was carried out in parts during the new coronavirus pandemic (2020- 2022), field research was conditioned by the severity of the problem at each moment, bearing in mind that my interlocutors are elderly people and, therefore, , were part of the risk group in the ongoing pandemic until that moment. The data demonstrate how the phenomenon of intense violence implied in compulsory displacement operates through the dynamics of inheritance – the latencies and silences of the social process that keeps memory in the field of dispute. In this way, on the one hand, the rationalized silences in the social process of dispute over memory find a way of enunciation in alternative environments to the rules that the dominant rationality in disciplinary institutions imposes on what it considers reasonable. On the other hand, as an ontological experience of trauma through the interdiction of the signifier, the silences, the voids of meaning, can be glimpsed either in the symptoms that the trauma manifests when introducing the law of repetition of symptomatic acts present in the structure of action of the subjects, or by the outline that the meanings make of this experience, coloring the narratives about the experience of loss with melancholic affection. It is emphasized that, in the case in question, the reparation processes operate in a region of the Being different from that in which the trauma is inscribed; since the objectification of the loss is conducted on ontic soil, while the trauma is manifested in an ontological region.
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O Direito à consulta e consentimento prévio, livre e informado na construção de resistências: a elaboração do protocolo comunitário autônomo de consulta como instrumento de garantia de direitos fundamentais na Comunidade Quilombola de São José de Icatu - Baião/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-08) PEREIRA, Adhara Abdala Nogueira Pereira; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700042332015787; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-1415
In response to the secular movement of occupation and exploitation that energizes Traditional Peoples and Communities in the Amazon, these groups' great activity was to appropriate more legal and normative instruments to add to their struggles and resistance. In this context, the Quilombola Community São José de Icatu stands out, located between the municipalities of Baião and Mocajuba, in the region of Baixo Tocantins, State of Pará; as being today an example of mobilization and social organization for the surrounding communities. In this sense, Convention 169 of the International Labor Organization has been the instrument that most stands out in the current scenario faced by them, it was through the knowledge of the right to Consultation and Prior, Free and Informed Consent - CCPLI, that they began to recognize the importance of their culture and the guarantee of fundamental rights; which motivated the elaboration of the Autonomous Community Protocol for Prior Consultation and Consent; being the first Quilombola community in the region to have this initiative. Thus, this paper seeks to understand, from the understanding of the community of São José de Icatu, how the right to Free, Informed Prior Consultation and the process of elaboration of Consultation Protocols could be considered an instrument to guarantee fundamental rights of the Quilombola Community against the threats of the development process, despite the link between heritage and occupation, as a symbolic and political construction in the unity of the group over time. To this end, research was carried out using interdisciplinary methods, at different times, first by conducting a conversation circle in an event held in the community in 2019, and the second by semi-structured interviews, in 2021; supported by the analysis of bibliographic and documental data. So, we conclude that the community recognizes in the CPLI an instrument to guarantee rights, as well as the expectation of the effectiveness of a legitimate document, which meets the internal demands and cosmovision of its subjects, in the elaboration of the Consultation Protocols, even though there are political and institutional barriers that try to make such effectiveness unfeasible. This way, community members consider both instruments as means capable of solving external and internal demands and conflicts, adding to the defense of their culture, territory, and rights, and contributing to the struggle for resistance and existence of this community.
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Dos cercamentos contemporâneos à necropolítica dos territórios: análise do Projeto Volta Grande a partir da política fundiária brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-27) MELO, Herena Neves Maués Corrêa de; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de
It is intended to analyze the effects of conduct of the State, at its level of administrative action through INCRA and certain legal and jurisdictional actions and the Canadian Company Belo Sun, minning corp in relation to the Volta Grande Project, located in the municipality of Senador José Porfírio, for the populations that are in its area of direct and indirect incidence, especially relating the concept of public interest for mining on global market bases and the public interest, (de)constructed by the current agrarian reform policy, structuring the studies from the documents of the official organs of the State and theoretical categories extracted from the context observed in the field diary. Thus, in addition to the social diagnosis with fieldwork of the communities involved, we studied documentally the processes and norms of affectation and disaffection of the Hangover Settlement Project (P. A), revealing the guidelines of the Brazilian State, when confronting the interests of peasants and large international mining companies. To what extent is the content of the main theoretical category Necropolitics of Territories recognized from the empirical-theoretical observation of the underlying theoretical categories, namely, enclosures, deterritorialization, tolerated illegalities, accumulation by exploitation, biopolitics and necropolitics when confronted with the study of the land and mining policies of the state organs confronting the historicalsocial realities? From the qualitative, theoretical-exploratory and bibliographicaldocumentary research, we revisited the construction of hermeneutics for the performance of the State, as a legal guarantor, intricate to the neoliberal market, explaining the evolution of state action in several points of intersection, concluding that by guaranteeing Brazilian neocolonialism in the local subsystem of the Volta Grande do Xingu, with the empirical observation of theoretical categories, from the promotion of the mining megaproject, it provides secure bases, especially legal, for the global mining market generating the reproduction of the necropolitics of the territories of the Amazon, feeding cycles of Brazilian land policy, which discontinue the founding guidelines of effective agrarian reform.
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Educação e desenvolvimento local em Ponta de Pedras – Marajó: dilemas e desafios
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-18) CUNHA, Rafaela Furtado da; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700042332015787; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-1415
The relationship between education and the process of economic and social development covers a field of study composed of the involvement of several factors, which deserve investigations that can reveal the interfaces between them and their implications for the evolution of society. Based on the recognition of the importance of the topic, this dissertation has the general objective of analyze the impact of socioeconomic conditions on the educational context of Ponta de Pedras and implications for local development. The methodology covers bibliographical research carried out in books, scientific articles and official documents present in a virtual environment. Regarding the objectives, the study involves exploratory and explanatory research, whose approach is qualitative, using the application of semi-structured interviews, which had as informants the management team of the schools (director, deputy director and coordination) and teachers of the Portuguese Language subjects and Mathematics in Elementary School II. The field research had as its study area the municipality of Ponta de Pedras, where three municipal schools were selected: 01 urban, 01 rural and 01 riverside. Theoretically, the concept of local development, Pierre Bourdieu's vision of the educational field, Social Representations in Moscovici's conception, as well as Dermeval Saviani's contributions are addressed. The research allowed us to answer the problem question of the present study: How do socioeconomic conditions in Ponta de Pedras impact the educational context of the municipality and what implications have repercussions on local development? In response, the basic hypothesis raised was confirmed, that is, the socioeconomic conditions of development directly impact the performance of children and adolescents, because they are characterized by a series of economic and social needs that create barriers to teaching and learning. capable of providing quality education. It was concluded that it is planned to invest in infrastructure, transport and, above all, in education, in addition to promoting investments to generate jobs for families in order to diversify economic opportunities and boost local development to positively impact education.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Empobrecimento da experiência social por hidrelétricas de grande porte: mudanças nas trajetórias tecnológicas da Velha Jacundá (Brasil) e Amaluza (Equador) na década de 1970.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-07) SOLÓRZANO ORELLANA, Jessica Alejandra; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700042332015787; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-1415
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Habitus camponês-caboclo, prática social camelô: duração e adaptação de processos intersubjetivos sobre o mundo do trabalho na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-28) LINS, Alexandre Sócrates Araujo de Almeida; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700042332015787
This study aims to discuss the long duration of informality in the Amazonian economy from a cultural perspective. The high rates of this phenomenon in Pará (above the national average) point that it can not be studied in the light of a conception that summarizes the economy to the market. In this sense, a qualitative research was conducted, with orientation in the human and social sciences to demonstrate how some cultural dispositions persist through time, while also negotiating with the dynamics of contemporary capitalism. The hypothesis is that these urban workers share the same habitus of what Costa (1994, 2009a, 2009b, 2009c, 2012a, 2012b) called a peasant-caboclo, and that this may be the key to understanding your professional dispositions, especially the temporal ones. It was therefore tried to demonstrate that the work of the street vendor re-enacts in the urban environment what Bourdieu (2009) calls habitus, as a system of durable dispositions and incorporated pre-reflexively. For this work, the most important aspect of the peasant-caboclo habitus shared by today's street workers is a kind of spirit of autonomy that has defied the ruling classes for centuries. These rural workers have historically used their labor force for their own benefit, thus availing of surplus resources that could not be appropriated, at least significantly, by an elite or the state. It was the challenging conditions of the Amazonian rainforest that, for so long, created and maintained this habitus, which even in a position of subalternity, could be imposed in the world of work, even in a dominated position, through a knowledge that coincides with the domain of the environment. In order to understand the extent to which these sediments of the peasant-caboclo are or are not in the camelot, this research carried out 10 interviews in the commercial center of Belém, where the camelô work was approached as a total social phenomenon, according to Mauss's (2003) model. It was reported that street vendors embody contradictory practices. They are revolutionaries as to the forms of use of the public space, and in the desire of "control" of the time and the surplus that they create with the own work, but conservative in the customs. The logic of family reproduction prevails among them, without ceasing to possess an economic rationality that establishes a calculation between time spent and resources earned
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A Luta pelo significado: a constituição política do Entremeio (s) no mundo-da-vida
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-05) FERREIRA, Rafael Bastos; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700042332015787; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-8282
The phenomenological concept of the lifeworld (Lebenswelt) is the philosophical framework that moves the critical horizon of the thesis and justifies all the problems contained. In general, in addition to punctuating a teleological criticism about his departure from everyday life, based on this vital ground, we submerged towards an investigation that originally unveiled its political dimension. Thematizing the pre-political experience, from a political phenomenology, the problem of the alien world (Fremdwelt) and the home world (Heimwelt) appears under the horizon of a phenomenology of strangeness. The political phenomenon, after all the exercise of “Bracketing”, will emerge a vital space – of speech, interlacing, of the space-between, of action, of acting – which I will call between-mean(s). This foundation has precedents in Hannah Arendt's concept of politics: between-men and between-spaces. My effort, in addition to expanding this concept, aims to investigate the constitutive nature of between-mean(s) from the political experiences of four groups organized politically. So, we started from the following problems: I) how is it constituted or who constitutes it? II) How is it born, developed, and established? III) How are the speeches structured and who holds them? IV) In what way and way (means) do the subjects (politicians) have such access and how is their structure established? V) What are the subjective and intersubjective motivations that lead the subjects to act, “to turn toward”? Three are the “Constitution Stages” that will phenomenologically elucidate these issues. Therefore, the thesis understands that a new beginning of phenomenology was announced by Husserl in “Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften”. This beginning is about a renewal that calls for an effort to establish a phenomenology of the political world, or rather, a phenomenology of the political world (Politischen Welt)
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O Novelo de Dalcídio. Mundo ribeirinho e subalternidades amazônicas no romance Belém do Grão-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-30) TAKETA, Brenda Vicente; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7411902906895180
This work consists in an attempt to create a dialogue between the novel Belém do Grão-Pará, by Dalcídio Jurandir, and a set of authors and studies from different areas and moments that help to understand what we identify in that book as the universe of riverside subalternities. Thus, we constitute an argumentative line with elements that, at first, would not seem interconnected, but which, at our point of view, make sense when they are stitched together as a proposal for interpreting the book. We start from an introductory discussion on the persistence of a certain type of agroextractivist peasantry in the Amazon, based on the work of Francisco de Assis Costa. Then we seek to understand the long-lasting ignorance about Amazonian biodiversity that results of the relationship between man, nature and culture, partly associating it with the process of the formation of natural sciences, with the influences of racist theories and with the constitution of social and historical invisibility of the agroextractivist peasants studied by Costa. Without this movement, based on processes of subalternizing humanities and their respective citizenships, we consider that it would not be possible to constitute an organizational pattern such as the system of "aviamento", a type of barter that was instituted since the Amazonian colonial period and is immensely important to understand the narrative context of the said novel. Finally, we try to focus on the effort to relate the literary narrative to others, using as a background the discussion about how the subalternities universe restricted to Belém do Grão-Pará also dialogues with the present capital of Pará. From excerpts involving Alfredo's arrival in Belém, we seek to discuss what we mean by “processes of subalternization”, pointing out in what way the production of differences through racialization processes are part of the capitalist mode of production since its first advances in the colonial world, as pointed out by Mbembe. In this debate, we are especially interested in the notion of archive and in the ethical imperative of thinking about the reconstitution of the history of the subalternized, also by a performative dimension, of moral imagination. The final effort was focused in understanding the unfolding of violence and hierarchization in these subordinate universes, both in relation to work and concerning the articulation between class, race and gender differences, without forgetting that, in a contingent way, alliances and solidarity are as part of it as are violence and conflicts.
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Participação social junto ao orçamento público municipal: os casos de Capanema, Cametá e Marabá no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03-25) RODRIGUES, Luis Carlos Freitas; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5700042332015787
Social participation in Brazilian democracy was greatly boosted by the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution. Organized civil society gained momentum with the implementation of a new legal system that introduced popular participation on various topics, especially those that were referred to control as national and subnational public policies. Health, education, environment and public budget were some of the areas covered with items that standardized social participation definitively, in an attempt to bring the population closer to government planning and actions that directly affect the lives of all citizens. However, legal and normative support does not mean changing the profile of centuries of delays and setbacks that have always marked social participation in public policies in the country. Patrimonialism, slavery, successive dictatorships, submission and dependence of the poorest to the excesses of local governments, are still profound marks when it comes to expanded popular participation, as is the case of the Municipal Public Budget, where effective participation social is very far from a plausible reality, available executable or even close to the population, despite being one of the most important public policies at the municipal level, the target of this research. The theories that supported this research lead us to the concept of Deliberative Democracy and the formation of a Public Sphere by Jürgen Habermas, and the Social Construction of a Subcitizenship in Brazil by Jessé Souza, together with social participation in the Municipal Public Budget of Cametá, Capanema and Marabá in the State of Pará, more specifically analyzing an interaction between representatives of organized civil society in municipalities, Unions, Councils, etc., and as Municipal Secretaries of Administration or Planning, responsible for preparing the budget, organizing and carrying out Public Hearings for the debate of the Budget Guidelines Law (LDO) with local population, according to the Municipal Council of Councils that approve and supervise the budget of the municipalities and the Controllerships of the Court of Accounts of the Municipalities of Pará (TCM-PA), which oversee and budget execution of the municipalities from Pará. The main objective was to analyze how social participation happened with the municipal budget of Cametá, Capanema and Marabá in 2020, taking into account the role of the State, represented by the municipal executive and legislative power, and representatives of civil society, in the attempt to understand the apparent process of submission and apathy of the local citizen when preparing and approving the public budget by the municipal government. To carry out the research, the following methodological procedures were used: a) theoretical and conceptual bibliographic review of the theme; b) Analysis of the Pluriannual Plan, the Budget Guidelines Law and the Annual Budget Law of the surveyed municipalities; c) conducting individual interviews recorded with semi-structured questions with representatives of organized civil society, secretaries and municipal technicians, councilors of the budget and finance commissions of the surveyed municipalities, coordinators and technicians of the TCM-PA Controllerships responsible for the surveyed municipalities; d) Data analysis and systematization. The result explains the distancing of representatives from civil society from the public budget approved for 2020, the non-compliance with the legal rules for effective participation by city halls with the collusion of city councils and the neglect of TCM-PA regarding compliance with the rules constitutionally provided for the item Social Participation.

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