Dissertações em Engenharia Mecânica (Mestrado) - PPGEM/ITEC
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2342
O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica (PPGEM) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Navegando Dissertações em Engenharia Mecânica (Mestrado) - PPGEM/ITEC por Orientadores "NOGUEIRA, Manoel Fernandes Martins"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caracterização de um gaseificador do tipo downdraft(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) ALVES, Charles Denys da Luz; NOGUEIRA, Manoel Fernandes Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2324813094737469The gasification is a thermo-chemical conversion of biomass in fuel gas which can be used as a fuel in internal combustion engines or as a syngas for chemical industry. To quantify the performance of a gasifier we must quantify the energy contained in the gas produced and relate to the amount of energy contained in the biomass that feeds the gasifier, Energy Efficiency, and even with regard to levels of carbon converted from biomass into the gas produced, Carbon Conversion. This paper assesses the energy efficiency and carbon conversion in a prototype of an Indian downdraft gasifier type produced by a local company (Floragás). The gasifier nominal parameters are: gas production capacity of 45 kWt, açaí seeds consumption of 15 kg/h. The gasifier reactor dimensions are ID 150 mm and height in 2000 mm). Its energy efficiency and rate of carbon conversion were quantified, the drop in pressure due to the reactor bed and the gas temperature were also measured at the reactor exit and quantified the concentration of tar, particulate and not condensable gases (CO, CO2, CH4, SO2, N2 and NOx) in the flue gas after cleaning system.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Influência da variação da razão de alimentação ar/serragem de um combustor ciclônico na composição dos seus produtos gasosos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) VASCONCELOS, Adriano Akel; NOGUEIRA, Manoel Fernandes Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2324813094737469In this work it was made an analysis of the combustion in a cyclonic combustor through experimental measures of the temperature and gases concentration in the internal wall of the combustion chamber. With the objective of finding an appropriate operational parameters for the proposed design, the feeding of air and sawdust of combustor was varied in a poor equivalence ratio (with excess of air) while the experimental data were computed. The data profiles obtained were confronted with the theory of the combustion of solids and with the temperature fields and gases concentration founded by Cunha (2005) numerically in the code Fluent V.6.0. In this comparison it was possible to find good qualitative value among the temperatures measured and the one from calculations, however there were differences in the topic concentration of gases. It was possible also to identify the minimum equivalence rate that the cyclonic combustor had in their gaseous products low pollutant tenors, like CO. Besides, at the end of this work a methodology was proposed to find the appropriate size of a cyclonic combustor in agreement with the strip of sawdust consumption that it wants to incinerate.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Metodologia para análise exergética-econômica de plantas a vapor para geração de eletricidade consumindo resíduo de biomassa amazônica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MENDES, Manoel do Espírito Santo dos Santos; RENDEIRO, Gonçalo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3093595858773332; NOGUEIRA, Manoel Fernandes Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2324813094737469The availability of energy resources price increasing promotes directly impacts the social-economic development. The rise for energy in Brazil, the efficient use of energy as strategic activity for the industrial sector. The energy evaluations employed in this sector aims to optimize the efficiency of its thermal systems. This energy performance assessments is based on the First Law of Thermodynamics and are able to quantify only the loss of energy, different from exergetic evaluation that allowing qualify this energy lost. The exergetic analysis is difficult and time consuming, requiring the development of a protocol to be performed quickly. In this case, the protocol must attend particularitities of the Amazon biomass, as well as it´s environment. This paper proposes and applies a methodology of energy and exergetic analysis as well as exergo-economic analysis a steam power plant installed at Belém, Pa funning on Rankine cycle. After these evaluations, the energy rate and energy losses are gotten, and also exergy rate and it’s rate destruction, the cost rate for each product and the monetary cost of the energy produced by the plant in R$/kWh. Such results, make possible to identify the largest energy losses of the power plant, quantify the cost of destruction of exergy in key equipment and the rate of cost of main products of the plant that are thermal energy and electricity. This allows quantify the energetic, economic and exergetic performance in each of the plant equipment and indicating the processes that deserve a development work to improve their economic efficiency. Moreover, the cost of the energy capacity in R$/kWh produced by power plant steam was compared with the value charged for the local energy utility. This comparison showed that power plant has energy cost less than the utility price.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Predição do desempenho de gasificadores de biomassa utilizando equilíbrio químico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-10) OLIVEIRA, Antônio Geraldo de Paula; NOGUEIRA, Manoel Fernandes Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2324813094737469The gasification technology has been object of study of many researchers, especially those involved in power generation use biomass. This paper presents a simplified model for biomass gasification based on chemical equilibrium considerations. The model consists in the minimization of the Gibbs free energy of the produced gas, constrained by mass and energy balances for the system. Despite the simplicity of the model, its results are reliable in identifying the tendencies of the working parameters for the system. Biomass composition, gasification temperature (air supplied), moisture content, air temperature, and heat losses are parameters that may be varied in order to evaluate different operational points. Results obtained are compared to those found in real operation of gasification processes and they shown good agreement.