Dissertações em Engenharia Mecânica (Mestrado) - PPGEM/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2342

O Mestrado Acadêmico pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica (PPGEM) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 55

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de teores de Zr sobre as propriedades mecânicas e elétricas de ligas Al-Ec-Si aplicadas na elaboração de ligas para Tx e Dx de energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) SANTOS, Washington Luis Reis; QUARESMA, José Maria do Vale; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443111804471290
This paper aims to develop an analysis of the influence of Zr in the modification of important characteristics of Al-EC-Si alloys used in electrical conductors, aiming to obtain heat resistant properties. For this study, the alloys were obtained by direct casting in a U-shaped ingot mold, from the Al-EC, with a base Si content of 0,7%, and then varying with different amounts of Zr. Intending o precipitate second phase particles called dispersoid, whose main characteristic is the retention of the deformed microstructure when exposed to high temperatures, it was necessary to submit the alloys to a heat treatment of 310 ºC for 24 hours in order to cause the appearance of fine dispersoids of Al3Zr. Two steps were established to obtain the results: The Step I was composed of solidification, machining and deformation obtained with the alloys, generating the wires used in all tests. The Step II repeats the same processes adopted in the Step I, however a heat treatment of 310 ºC for 24 hours was made before deformation. The heat resistance characterization of the specimens of each alloy followed the requirements of COPEL (Companhia Paranaense de Energia Elétrica ) when submitted to temperatures of 230 ºC for 24 hours, and heat treatments at temperatures of 310 ºC and 390 ºC were also made to evaluate the thermal stability of the alloys. In general, it was observed that crescent contents of Zr results in a grain refinement and a increase of the Ultimate Tensile Strength and thermal stability of the alloy, both in the Step I and Step II. It was also observed that in Step I, the electrical conductivity was severely affected by the Zr contents and the addition of heat treatment in Step II increased the electrical conductivity of the alloy, particularly to diameters that suffered higher deformation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variáveis térmicas de solidificação, espaçamento dentríticos secundários e resistência à corrosão de ligas hipoeutéticas Al-Ni
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-14) COSTA, Giselle Barata; SÁ, Fernando Antonio de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8275621144223544
In this research is carried out a sequence of experiments with Al-Ni hypoeutectic alloys to analyze the upward vertical directional solidification on transient conditions of heat flow. Experimental approaches were developed to quantitative the thermal variables of solidification, as follow: local time solidification; dislocation rate of liquidus isotherms, tip cooling rates and thermal gradients. This study analyzes the dendrite secondary arms spacing in relation to solidification thermal variables and to alloy composition, beyond link these parameters with corrosion resistance of these alloys. These experimental dendrite parameters, concerning to alloys solidification as Al - 1, 1,4 and 1,8%Ni, couldn’t be compared with the main theoretical model of dendrite growth by others researches, because, to alloy studied there shortage of thermophysic properties, impossible this comparison. The corrosive behavior is analyzed by potentiodynamic polarization technique and cyclic polarization technique lead into 3,5%NaCl solution on room temperature, coarse structure dendritics tend to increase the corrosion rates of Al-Ni hypoeutectic alloys. The experimental results obtained by the corrosion tests were correlated with dendrite microstructure. This way, experimental tendencies of growth dendrite were determined to upward vertical directional solidification.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de adições de Ni e Mg sobre o comportamento térmico, mecânico e elétrico de ligas Al-Cu-Fe solidificadas unidirecionalmente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SOUZA, Pedro Henrique Lamarão; QUARESMA, José Maria do Vale; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443111804471290
This work studied the influence of Mg and Ni solute content on the modification of the thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of an Al-Cu-Fe alloy for application as an electrical conductor. To realize the present study, the alloys were obtained by unidirectional horizontal casting, starting from the commercial pure aluminum with the addition of 0.05wt% Cu and [0.24 to 0.28]wt% Fe content. This basis was modified on a first stage with 0.45, 0.60 and 0.80wt% of Mg content. The alloys obtained with these contents had its properties studied for the selection of a Mg content for further Ni addition at the alloy. The study of these properties on the first stage passed through the analysis of the thermal properties: growth rate (VL) and cooling rate (Ṫ). The electrical characterization studied the electrical conductivity property (φ) and the following mechanical properties were determined: ultimate tensile strength (σ) and Vickers microhardness (HV). The alloy which has Ni additions passed through ageing heat treatments of 1, 4 and 8 hours. These samples were analyzed in a scanning electron microscope – SEM by the electrons backscattered – EBS and energy dispersive spectroscopy – EDS signals. As a result of the research, it was found that Mg additions had significantly influenced the alloys viscosity, increasing its growth rates at the final moments of the solidification. The microhardness tests for the aged samples showed that they suffered a significant gain of hardness at the fourth hour of ageing, also, the EDS analysis showed that Ni content increased at the same treating conditions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um modelo de avaliação de fluxos de biomassa e carbono em madeireiras de comunidades isoladas da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-10-29) MARIALVA, Elden de Albuquerque; BRASIL, Augusto César de Mendonça; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0571960641751286; GUERRA, Danielle Regina da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6750321690921056
The Amazon Region has a huge amount of biomass resources. The Brazilian Amazon comprises an area larger than 5 million km2, which represents 61% of the Brazilian territory. The Brazilian northern region produces 72.45% of the produced round wood in Brazil; the State of Pará shares 55.47% of that production. Generally, in Amazon region the lumbers get into the forest to select the logs to being cut. Some years later they return again to the same area to harvest again, and the interval time reduces each year. The Amazon region contained 833 sawmills in 1998. These sawmills were located mainly in the Amazon estuary (71%). These wood producers share 1.3 million cubic meters of wood logs (5% of production Amazon). The present work estimated the carbon balance of sawmills in the Amazon River estuary. A life cycle analysis was developed to estimate the carbon balance of the studied sawmills. The study was focused on the wood products considering the process used in small Amazonian communities. There is a well-defined path of the natural resource (biomass/wood) such as: forestry, transportation of biomass, transformation (business/timber) / processes, generation and use of wastes, transport of processed timber, marketing. The energy balance was also analyzed through the flow (inputs and outputs) of wood and carbon during the cycle. A numerical model was developed to simulate the flow of carbon, energy, wood and area affected by exploitation. This work developed a specific model for the evaluation of the carbon flow, the environmental impact assessment was reached, where it shown a positive value, a carbon capture about 55 tCO2/month, even with a low production efficiency system, around 36%. The results show that the current operating system does not pollute but could be improved to achieve higher efficiency in the production process. The waste generated was approximately 64% of the volume of wood entering the mill, its application could be managed to generate approximately 1240 kilowatts of electricity monthly.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Projeto, construção e aferição de um dispositivo de solidificação unidirecional horizontal refrigerado à água
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-04-16) SILVA, José Nazareno Santos da; ROCHA, Otávio Fernandes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0702326922309672; MOREIRA, Antonio Luciano Seabra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0667768010106721
The aim is about the solidification structures of thermal parameters is important to mechanic behaviour of the metallic materials. These structures are influenced by means of heat removal conditions of metal/ mould system during the solidification process. Despite of this, some mathematic models have been developed to appraise the structural and thermal variation mainly considering the upright unidirectional solidification process. This research plans to project, construct and check up one device in order to be able to represent the horizontal unidirectional solidification process cooled by water which considers the solute convection effects. To check up the solidification device, a comparative study was done between the representative experimental bend of metal´s thickness solidification related to time to Al-4%Cu, Sn-5%Pb, Sn-15%Pb e Sn-20%Pb alloys. The present results shows positive consonances. The unidirectional aspect of the heat removal constructed was estimate trough the macrostructure characterization of the studied alloys. Finally a comparative study is done between values of the interface metal/mold heat transfer coefficient obtained trough other newly works developed about ascendant and descendent unidirectional solidification process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento e caracterização acústica de painéis multicamadas unifibra, multifibras e mesclados, fabricados a partir de fibras vegetais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-12-01) BASTOS, Leopoldo Pacheco; MELO, Gustavo da Silva Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8850986817571748
In a time when high noise levels are part of people’s daily lives, the search for noise control is not only evident, but providential. Currently, noise pollution, to a worldwide level, is not more serious than air and water pollution only. In Brazil, the situation is not different because it is estimated that more than 15 million people have some kind of hearing loss degree due to this environmental problem. Acoustic devices such as panels, barriers, etc., when of high efficiency, generally, are of difficult acquisition due to high costs, turning, in many cases, their use impracticable, mainly for limited budget small-sized companies. Thus, alternative solutions, starting with new acoustic materials that are less costly and have satisfactory performance, emerge as a great option. Considering the global environmental trends, the use of vegetable fibers is a great opportunity to aggregate value, and technological development for agricultural producing countries, like Brazil. Beyond that, such fibers are easy to get, exist in abundance, are non toxic and derive from renewable sources. This work will present the methodology of development of panels made from vegetable fibers (açaí, coconut, sisal and palm) and binding agent based on acrylate and water, as well as the methodology used to characterize them acoustically on a scale model reverberant chamber, based on ISO 354/1999. These panels are made of pressed layers of fibers interspersed with layers of binding agent. The fibers are extracted, washed, dried, and treated when necessary, while the binding agent is obtained commercially. The panels sound absorption data are obtained through a four channel frequency analyzer using the noise interruption method. Comparison of results between alternative and conventional material based panels allows to the conclusion that the acoustical performance shown by some newly developed panels are very satisfactory, since their sound absorption coefficients were compatible, and in some cases, higher to those presented by conventional materials in a given frequency range. Finally, a numerical-experimental comparison is performed in order to evaluate the influence of sisal absorbing panels over the acoustics characteristics of a small classroom.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um modelo de turbulência baseado no conceito de vórtice
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-04) FERNANDES, Cindy Stella; LINS, Erb Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5272283698536321
The turbulence is present in most of the flows observed in industry and nature. There are many considerations regarding the difficulties related to the characterization of turbulent flows. One of the many issues regarding the procedure of analyzing the problem through the statistical description of the fields, which leads to the problem of closure and the modeling of the Reynolds tensor, usually with models based on the turbulent viscosity concept. The turbulence models have some shortcomings in predicting the turbulent flow field, which justifies the research of new approaches to treatment turbulence. In this work, the problem of closure is treated using the modeling based on the concept of turbulent viscosity. The proposed new turbulence model admits the existence of vortexs immersed in the flow and applies concepts and definitions related to the identification of this structure, using the Q - criteria that characterizes the region of flow occupied by the vortex. It is proposed to investigate the applicability of this model, resulting in a new turbulence model called k − ε −Q . The model applicability is evaluated through a numerical code for computational treatment of turbulent flows. The numerical solution was obtained by discretization of the fluid domain, using the finite volume method and the multigrid method was used for solving the resulting linear system. As benchmark, we used the turbulence model to simulate the flow in a square cavity with sliding lid and turbulent flow over a backward-facing step. The results were compared with some experimental data and demonstrated that the model proposed here appears to be more effective than the classical k − ε in the treatment of turbulence in these two problems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia para análise exergética-econômica de plantas a vapor para geração de eletricidade consumindo resíduo de biomassa amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MENDES, Manoel do Espírito Santo dos Santos; RENDEIRO, Gonçalo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3093595858773332; NOGUEIRA, Manoel Fernandes Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2324813094737469
The availability of energy resources price increasing promotes directly impacts the social-economic development. The rise for energy in Brazil, the efficient use of energy as strategic activity for the industrial sector. The energy evaluations employed in this sector aims to optimize the efficiency of its thermal systems. This energy performance assessments is based on the First Law of Thermodynamics and are able to quantify only the loss of energy, different from exergetic evaluation that allowing qualify this energy lost. The exergetic analysis is difficult and time consuming, requiring the development of a protocol to be performed quickly. In this case, the protocol must attend particularitities of the Amazon biomass, as well as it´s environment. This paper proposes and applies a methodology of energy and exergetic analysis as well as exergo-economic analysis a steam power plant installed at Belém, Pa funning on Rankine cycle. After these evaluations, the energy rate and energy losses are gotten, and also exergy rate and it’s rate destruction, the cost rate for each product and the monetary cost of the energy produced by the plant in R$/kWh. Such results, make possible to identify the largest energy losses of the power plant, quantify the cost of destruction of exergy in key equipment and the rate of cost of main products of the plant that are thermal energy and electricity. This allows quantify the energetic, economic and exergetic performance in each of the plant equipment and indicating the processes that deserve a development work to improve their economic efficiency. Moreover, the cost of the energy capacity in R$/kWh produced by power plant steam was compared with the value charged for the local energy utility. This comparison showed that power plant has energy cost less than the utility price.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Interação CFD-DEM em fluidização: aplicação para o setor mineral
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) CASTELO BRANCO JÚNIOR, Alan Mota; VAZ, Jerson Rogério Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1623983294183975; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
The particle fluidization process is widely used in the industry, mainly due to the high heat and mass transfer rates between the phases. The coupling between the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) has become attractive for the simulation of fluidization, because in this case the particles movement is analyzed in a more direct way than in other types of approaches. The main problem with the CFD-DEM coupling is the high demand for computational capacity in order to track the movement of all the particles in the system, what it leads to the use of some strategies to reduce the simulation time which in case of incorrect usage can prejudice the results. The present work deals with the application of the CFD-DEM coupling in the analysis of alumina fluidization, which is an important problem for the mineral sector. It were analyzed several parameters capable of influencing the results and the simulation time like the time steps, the drag models, the particle size distribution, the spring constant, the usage of representative particles bigger than the actual particles, etc. The DEM model used was the Linear Spring Dashpot model (LSD). All the simulations were carried out with the software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 and the results obtained were compared with experimental data and the data available in the literature. These results allowed to verify the capability of the Linear Spring Dashpot Model for predicting the global behavior of alumina beds and reducing the simulation time, since the model parameters are defined adequately.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da variação da razão de alimentação ar/serragem de um combustor ciclônico na composição dos seus produtos gasosos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) VASCONCELOS, Adriano Akel; NOGUEIRA, Manoel Fernandes Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2324813094737469
In this work it was made an analysis of the combustion in a cyclonic combustor through experimental measures of the temperature and gases concentration in the internal wall of the combustion chamber. With the objective of finding an appropriate operational parameters for the proposed design, the feeding of air and sawdust of combustor was varied in a poor equivalence ratio (with excess of air) while the experimental data were computed. The data profiles obtained were confronted with the theory of the combustion of solids and with the temperature fields and gases concentration founded by Cunha (2005) numerically in the code Fluent V.6.0. In this comparison it was possible to find good qualitative value among the temperatures measured and the one from calculations, however there were differences in the topic concentration of gases. It was possible also to identify the minimum equivalence rate that the cyclonic combustor had in their gaseous products low pollutant tenors, like CO. Besides, at the end of this work a methodology was proposed to find the appropriate size of a cyclonic combustor in agreement with the strip of sawdust consumption that it wants to incinerate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência dos parâmetros térmicos de solidificação na transição colunar/equiaxial em ligas do sistema Sn-Pb sob condições transitórias de extração de calor
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-07-04) MOUTINHO, Daniel Joaquim da Conceição; ROCHA, Otávio Fernandes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0702326922309672; MOREIRA, Antonio Luciano Seabra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0667768010106721
This work carry out a theoretical experimental study about the influence of solidification thermal parameters on the columnar to equiaxed transition of Sn 5%Pb, Sn 15%Pb, and Sn 20% Pb and Sn 25% Pb alloys during the horizontal unidirectional solidification process cooled by water which considers the solute convection effects. The tip growth rates and cooling rates have been experimentally calculated and the obtained results are compared with those of a numerical model. The columnar to equiaxed transition position is determined through the macrostructure characterization of the studied alloys. The experimental results have shown that the thermosolutal convection influences the CET occurrence. Finally, a comparative experimental study is done for the studied alloys when directionally solidified in different water-cooled systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da convecção termossolutal na transição colunar/equiaxial em ligas Al-Si sob condições unidirecionais e transitórias de extração de calor
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) MOUTINHO, Andréa Moreira; MOREIRA, Antonio Luciano Seabra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0667768010106721
The macrostructure of cast ingots consists of three different zones, that is, the chill, columnar, and equiaxed zones respectively. The origin of each one has been the subject of numerous experimental and theoretical researches in the field of metallurgy because of the well-known correlation between grain structures and mechanical properties. The structure is almost determined in the solidification process, so it is essential to control the solidification process. Despite this effort there is as yet no way that the macrostructure of an ingot can be predicted nor even any clear agreement on how the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) actually occurs. The CET during solidification has been studied for many years and experimental observations show that the position of the CET and the size of the equiaxed grains is dependent on thermal conditions associated with the casting process including alloy system, alloy composition, melt superheat, mold temperature, mold material, heat-transfer coefficients at the metal-mold interface, cooling rate, casting size, melt convection, transport of solute, and the concentration of nucleating particles. The objective of this contribution is the presentation of experimental results on the CET in three hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys during the horizontal unsteady-state directional solidification in a cooled mold. The thermal contact condition at the metal/mold interface was also standardized with the heat extracting surface being polished. Thermocouples have been connected with the metal, and the time– temperature data have been recorded automatically. A combined theoretical and experimental approach is applied to quantitatively determine the solidification thermal parameters such as transient heat-transfer coefficients, tip growth rates, thermal gradients, and cooling rates which affect the structure transition. The experimental and calculated values have shown a very good agreement. A comparative study between the results of this article and those from the literature proposed to investigate the CET during upward vertical solidification of Al-Si hypoeutectic alloys is also presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da convecção termossolutal nos espaçamentos dendríticos primários durante a solidificação direcional horizontal de ligas Sn-Pb
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) NOGUEIRA, Márcio Roberto Alves; ROCHA, Otávio Fernandes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0702326922309672; MOREIRA, Antonio Luciano Seabra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0667768010106721
In order to investigate the effect of thermosolutal convection on the primary dendritic spacings of Pb–Sn hypoeutectic alloys, horizontal directional solidification experiments have been carried out. For this purpose, a water-cooled solidification experimental apparatus was developed and specimens were solidified in unsteady state heat flow conditions. A combined theoretical and experimental approach is developed to quantitatively determine the solidification thermal parameters: tip growth rates, thermal gradients and cooling rates. The results also include transient metal/mold heat transfer coefficients, determined from comparisons between the experimental thermal profiles in castings and the simulations provided by a finite difference heat flow program. A comparison between theoretical models that predict primary dendritic spacings with the experimental results generated in this study is conducted. A comparative study between some experimental data of this work and those from the literature proposed to predict the primary dendritic spacings during upward and downward vertical unsteady-state directional solidification of Sn–Pb alloys have is presented. The observation of the microstructures has indicated that the primary dendritic spacings have been affected by the direction of growth, increasing in conditions of horizontal solidification when compared with those obtained during upward and downward vertical solidification of Sn–Pb hypoeutectic alloys analyzed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Implementação e análise do desempenho de técnicas de monitoramento através de medição de vibração e correlação com corrente estatórica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-16) JESUS, Keliene Maria Sousa de; SOEIRO, Newton Sure; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7303174583088137
The growing demand for electricity coupled with the great importance of this sector to the national economic system has led the government and private companies to invest in studies for improving the performance of the systems involved in this process, given the important gains that this initiative can produce. In this context, this work is a contribution to the study of the development of a methodology for diagnosis of defects to the machine number three hydro Hydropower Plant Coaracy Nunes, located in Amapa State. In many situations the methods of vibration analysis is used to detect the presence of faults in this type of machine, this work will also be used to analyze the current signals to provide similar indications. This work aims to present a methodology for fault diagnosis in electrical machines using the vibration signals and correlation with the analysis of the stator current. Throughout this work presents a review of techniques for monitoring and diagnosis of the condition of electrical machinery, through vibration tests correlated with the characteristics of the stator current. The result of the correlation of vibration measurement with the current measurement is based on a methodology implemented by a system of acquisition and data processing platform developed in LabView. The experimental results were obtained from mechanical defects (unbalance and mechanical defects on the slopes, and internal bearings) induced in an experimental device designed with the intention to represent a generation system. Finally, the vibration and current signals were analyzed and compared to verify that the defects that were detected by the conventional vibration altered the behavior of current signals. The good results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of future studies in this area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da viabilidade operacional do processo de soldagem MAG com alimentação adicional de arame frio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-11-09) SÁBIO, Alberto Dias; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500
The present study shows experimental research of the weld concerning operational, economic and geometric viability as well as its superficial quality when using MAGCW (Metal Active Gas – Cold Wire), understood as: MAG welding process with nonenergized wire or cold wire. For the development of this research, welding MAG and MAG-CW processes have been used together with 1,2 mm of diameter consumable solid wires, class AWS E-70S6 and carbon dioxide pure, CO2, as protection gas with 17 l/min release for both processes. Automated welding was performed with electronic source adjusted in CC+, in constant tension mode, interfaced by a microcomputer. In both processes the welds were put on steel carbon samples SAE 1020, 76x155x12,7 mm size, with simple disposition passes, pulling and pushing the voltage arc. The MAG-CW process added cold wire on the electric arc region, fed by the Tandem and Twin sequential wire shape auxiliary system on plane position. The variables of influence were: Velocidade de Alimentação do Arame-Eletrodo, VAE, which varied in three levels: 6; 7,5 and 9 m/min, respectively, Velocidade de Alimentação do Arame-Fio, VAF, which also varied in three levels: 3; 4 and 5 m/min combined with VAE. Response variables for experimental evaluation were electric arc stability, economic features, geometric features and weld superficial quality. The results demonstrated satisfactory arc stability as well as high production concerning MAG process and also good superficial aspect of welds. Rising rates obtained by MAG-CW process demonstrates the superiority due to non-energized wire addition to the arc. Thus, the MAG-CW process, in comparison with MAG process, demonstrated superiority concerning the 57% in rate of fusion (RF) for the VAE of 6 m/min, 59 % for the VAE of 7,5 m/min and 53 % for the VAE in 9 m/min. it has also been observed that the same occurred with the rate of deposition (RD) increasing in all speed levels: 62% for the VAE in both conditions of 6 m/min and 7,5 m/min and in 57 % for the VAE in 9 m/min. The good performance in the increase of the taxes obtained by the process MAG-CW demonstrates advantage, with larger evidence in the acting of these characteristics, in function of the addition of cold wire to the arch.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da liga 6101 refinada com a adição de diferentes teores de cobre e solidificadas em molde unidirecional horizontal e em molde "U"
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) FEITOSA, Johnyson Pereira; QUARESMA, José Maria do Vale; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443111804471290
The 6101 alloy (series 6xxx) was modified with addition of 0.05% and 0.3% of copper and with additions of grain refiners as Al-Ti-B. The alloys were thermally characterized (heat transfer coefficient of metal / mold, displacement speed of liquidus isothermal and cooling rate), mechanically (tensile strength and toughness module) and electrically (electric resistivity, specific resistance and power conductivity) using two forms of pouring out: one is horizontal directional solidification and the other into the "U" mold. By horizontal directional solidification was possible characterize the macrostructure, influenced by refiners of grain and by viscosity that copper provides in the metal / mold efficiency of alloys researched, modifying the thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. The solidification in "U" mold makes possible evaluates the mechanical and electrical properties, seeing the forming process variables of alloys, as forming rate, tensile strength, toughness and electric resistivity, power conductivity and electric resistance, using the specimens obtained in several diameters. For the “U” mold were casting more two alloys to evaluation, Al-0,6Mg-0,4Si-0,1Cu and Al-0,6Mg-0,4Si-0,2Cu. The mechanical and electrical properties had been influenced by cold working, copper content and shrinkage void presents into alloys structures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Predição do desempenho de gasificadores de biomassa utilizando equilíbrio químico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-10) OLIVEIRA, Antônio Geraldo de Paula; NOGUEIRA, Manoel Fernandes Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2324813094737469
The gasification technology has been object of study of many researchers, especially those involved in power generation use biomass. This paper presents a simplified model for biomass gasification based on chemical equilibrium considerations. The model consists in the minimization of the Gibbs free energy of the produced gas, constrained by mass and energy balances for the system. Despite the simplicity of the model, its results are reliable in identifying the tendencies of the working parameters for the system. Biomass composition, gasification temperature (air supplied), moisture content, air temperature, and heat losses are parameters that may be varied in order to evaluate different operational points. Results obtained are compared to those found in real operation of gasification processes and they shown good agreement.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência do ruído de tráfego em edifícios e proposta de solução desenvolvida com auxílio de modelos numéricos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-27) GUIMARAES, Erick Van Casseb; MELO, Gustavo da Silva Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8850986817571748
In Brazil, the number of houses and apartments that suffer the influence of noise pollution is quite large. Currently, this question gained important local attention when Belém-PA was elected the “National Capital of Noise” for several years in a row, according to data obtained by the IBGE. Among the most common types of noise pollution, the biggest complaint of society is regarding traffic noise, which is inherent to the daily life of any great city. While the traffic noise concerns increase, so does the preoccupation with a degree of discomfort from the population, justifying the development of means to quantify and reduce such discomfort beyond the means of regulations for this situation by Brazilian standards. Therefore, the condition of traffic noise, while a principal agent of annoyance for the population in which it refers to the noise pollution, it comes to justify the necessity to realize a study that aims at the development of elements of construction by means of new geometrics and composition of existing materials that minimize the penetration of traffic noise to the internal environments of these constructions. So, this work presents the results of studies of the acoustic behavior in situated constructions next to roads of great flow of vehicles which suffer interferences caused by the generation of traffic noise. So far, there were measures carried out in the field of a 25 story building in advanced stages of construction and was chosen as the subject for this study, which represents a numerical modeling of this building with the help of the software ODEON.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Simulação numérica da gaseificação de biomassa em leito fixo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) ITAI, Yuu; MALICO, Isabel; BRASIL, Augusto César de Mendonça; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0571960641751286
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of açaí seeds rejected after processing in Belém - Pará, in order to be used as a source of biomass for energy production by gasification. Elemental analysis results obtained in LABCAT - UNB on a dry basis were obtained with percentages of Carbon, 46.06% Hydrogen, 6.01%, Oxygen, 43.37% , Nitrogen 4.33%and Sulfur 0.08%. These values and other parameters obtained in an experimental study carried out by the studies of Santos (2011) and Cruz (2010), were used to perform a numerical simulation of the gasification process by means of a zero dimensional FORTRAN code developed specifically for this purpose. Variations of the influence of equivalence ratio and moisture content in the concentrations of CO, H2 and CH4 were compared with experimental results. A transient one-dimensional model developed by Hla (2004) was also analyzed. Using the application of a mechanism of two steps pyrolysis where the primary tar (or oxygenated) are initially formed and then cracked into secondary tar (or oil) and other combustible gases. Thus is revealed the complexity of physical and chemical processes that occur in the reactor by the use of energy and mass balance information and rates of chemical reaction of the recommendations and the physical transport processes. The computer model can predict the profile of the gas composition, temperature, primary and secondary tar along the longitudinal axis of the gasifier. Data results have been obtained from both models and after the phenomena behaviour was analyzed in comparison with the experimental data obtained by Santos (2011).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Material compósito de matriz frágil reforçado com fibras naturais de sisal e malva: caracterização e correlações das propriedades e mecânicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12-22) MARTINS NETO, Sandoval Ferreira; FUJIYAMA, Roberto Tetsuo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3165747089941318
The purpose of this thesis is evaluate the mechanical behavior of cementitious matrix composites reinforced with sisal fibers and mauve, and correlate the material’s behavior with variations in the fibers types and lengths. The base material used in the manufacture of the composite was cement, sand, water and sisal fibers and mauve. It was used the trace 1: 2: 0,5 (cement, sand and water, respectively), with the addition of 1% in mass of fibers. The fibers had been previously cut in the length of 15mm e 25mm and manually added to the mix. The correlations of the composites were obtained by bending tests in three points, following the RILEM 49 norm. The micro-structural characteristics were evaluated with electron microscopy. The results show that the insertion of fibers in the cementitious matrix reduces the maximum force applied to the specimen, even tough there was an increase in the material toughness and pseudo-ductility after the appearance of the first fissure. The longest fibers demonstrated better performance with a small highlight on the mauve fibers.