Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Comportamento - PPGNC/NTPC
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/10669
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Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Comportamento - PPGNC/NTPC por Orientadores "BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos da liberação de reforçadores durante o intervalo entre tentativas sobre desempenho no emparelhamento ao modelo com atraso em sapajus spp.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-10) LEAL, Tamyres Roberta Colares; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245; BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9930065472602966Studies with pigeons have shown that releasing reinforcers during the Intertrial Interval (ITI) on simple and conditional discrimination tasks can produce a drop on the stimulus control. In the case of conditional discrimination, the literature suggests that the conditions that deteriorate the performance involve the reinforcer’s release at the end or during all the ITI, in other words, when the reinforcer is released next to the beginning of a new trial. This study had the objective to investigate the effects of releasing of reinforcers during the ITI on the performance on the identity delayed-matching-to-sample task (DMTS) with three capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.). Each trial was initiated by presenting a sample stimulus; after the emission of five touches to the sample, it was initiated a delay and, at the end of the delay, comparison stimuli were presented so the choice response would occur. Correct responses were followed by the release of 190 mg banana’s pellet and by the ITI and incorrect responses were followed just by the ITI. The sessions were composed by trials with 1 s, 5 s, and 20 s delay and 30 s ITI. In order to study the effects of free reinforcer releasing , a 190 mg pellet was released also during the ITI, according to five conditions, which sequence was random and differed between subjetcs: Early – free reinforcer released 5 s after the beginning of the ITI; Middle – release 15 s after the beginning of the ITI; Late – release 25 s after the beginning of the ITI; All – release 5 s, 15 s and 25 s after the beginning of the ITI; and, None – there was no reinforcement release during the ITI. These conditions were applied in two procedures. On the first, named Maintenance, just one set of stimuli was used on all conditions of manipulation of reinforcement; on the second, named Acquisition, each ix condition presented a specific stimulus set. No effect of different conditions of free reinforcer releasing was observed on the general performance of the subjects. However, on the Acquisition procedure, it was verified a decay on the performance on the trials with maximum delay, 20 s, though the conditions of releasing reinforcement that affected the performance at these trials were different between the subjects. The result of one of the three subjects was similar to what was found on the literature, the deterioration on the performance on the trials with the longest delay, 20 s, occurred on the conditions in which the reinforcement was released at the end or during all the ITI. The other participants showed decay on the conditions in which there was no reinforcement during the ITI or when the release occurred at the beginning or end of the ITI. We suggest, for future researches, to test the same performances under the same conditions with new sets of stimuli seeking intra-subject replication and later to use trials with delays longer than the 20 s, according to the training history in different delays of each subject.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Testes de simetria e transitividade em macaco-prego(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-29) LIMA, Raquel Leite Castro de; SILVA, Maria Luísa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108; BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9930065472602966One way of exploring symbolic behavior and its prerequisites is to teach arbitrary relations with a conditional choice training model, with the purpose of verifying the emergence of new relations between pairs of stimuli used in training. The objective of this study was to test the emergence of symmetry and transitivity in a capuchin monkey, applying before tests teaching conditions used in studies that obtained emergent performance in non-humans. An adult male capuchin monkey from the Experimental School of Primates (NTPC-UFPA) with substantial experience in choice tasks served as subject. In phase 1 of the study, the arbitrary relations AB, B-A and A-C, established in a previous experiment, were retrained in both delayed and simultaneous matching-to-sample (MTS) procedures. In phase 2, the same arbitrary relations A-B, B-A and A-C were trained interpolated with identity trials A-A, B-B and C-C. In phase 3, the reinforcement probability was reduced, in preparation for the testing sessions that would involve trials with no programmed reinforcement. In Phase 4, the emergence of the relations C-A, B-C and C-B were tested. Performance was accessed in terms of the percentage of success across all trials. In training session, the performance criteria were 90% minimum of correct choices and, at most, one error per trained relation. In Phase 1, the subject performed with most precision in the delayed MTS (minimum 75% and maximum 100% of correct choices), probably due to its previous experience with this task; in simultaneous MTS, the performance varied between 64,44% and 97,78% and the number of sessions to criteria was higher than in the simultaneous MTS. In Phase 3, there were 23 sessions to criteria, with an average performance of 89,32% of correct choices in the delayed MTS (6 sessions total) and 87,75% in simultaneous MTS (11 sessions). The subject had difficulties with the simultaneous MTS in which two identical stimuli appeared on the computer screen. This training model induced to errors and was corrected by restricting the location where the sample was presented. In Phase 3, only 7 experimental sessions were enough to criteria, with an average performance of 91,66% correct in 4 sessions of simultaneous MTS and 91,10% in 3 sessions of the delayed MTS. In Phase 4, the tests were negative for the emergence of C-A relations. The average number of correct trials was 23,33%. A drop in the baseline performance and emotional reactions in the subject were observed, probably due to the absence of reinforcement. In B-C test, the average number of correct choices was 71%, demonstrating emergent behavior. C-B relations tests were also negative. Performance on these trials average only 12% of correct choices. The procedure was efficient to document the emergence of transitive relations (B-C). According to the literature, the study suggest that non humans seem more ready to present the emergence of transitive than symmetric relations. Future studies shall engage in training C-A relations and retesting the emergence of C-B relations