Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento - PPGTPC/NTPC
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2332
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), iniciou suas atividades em 1987 com o curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento. O curso de Doutorado passou a ser oferecido a partir do ano 2000.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ensino de leitura de frases com compreensão a alunos de 1ª série de escolas públicas de Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-07-03) HABER, Gabriella Mendes; BAPTISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5106423103112681School failure is a nationwide alarming fact, increasing the necessity for improved teaching techniques. The equivalence paradigm has been useful in understanding the behavior processes related to the acquisition of linguistic repertories and cognitive abilities. Research into the learning of reading by means of this paradigm hasaided in the identification of variables controlling both correct and incorrect responses, as well as the analysis of procedures that are efficient in eliciting responses under the control of printed stimuli. In this study, the teaching of sentences composed of demonstrative pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and intransitive verbs was investigated. There were five students with reading difficulties. All were tested on selected sentences at the beginning of the study. Stimuli in the auditory modality (syllables, words, and spoken sentences) were designated as letter A; visual stimuli for figures as B (written syllables, words, sentences, and figures representing words and sentences); the letter C refers to printed stimuli in the visual-auditory modality. Training in conditional discrimination was provided for spoken words/sentences and figures (relations AB), for spoken syllables/words/sentences and for printed stimuli (relations AC, Acp and Acf). There were differential consequences (social reinforcement) for correct responses, and corrective and other special procedures for incorrect responses. We sought to investigate whether, after teaching these prerequisite relations, equivalent relations would emerge (printed words, figures, and vice versa), and whether the participants would show generalized performance. No differential consequences were programmed prior to testing. At the end of each session, participants received prizes. The experiment was conducted in four phases. In Phase I, the stimuli were printed words with substantive function. In Phase II, sentences formed by words with substantive and adjective functions. In Phase III, the demonstrative pronoun was added to the sentences. In Phase IV, the verbs intransitives were added to the sentences. All participants, except one, learned the baseline units. On tests of equivalence and generalized learning, contrary to results from previous studies, the level of variability increased. All participants evinced reading comprehension in at least one of the phases involving sentences. During the stage of generalized reading in Phase II, only one participant emitted correct responses at the 100% level. The remaining students showed partial generalized reading or no recombinative reading, making it necessary to use a special procedure in order to raise the level of performance. Overall, the equivalence paradigm was considered to be eficacious in teaching reading comprehension. Procedural changes were suggested in order to make experimental control more rigorous. Results indicated that the stimulus equivalence paradigm is especially effective for teaching comprehension involving such grammatical classes as articles, adverbs, direct transitive verbs, and objects.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ensino de leitura de frases com compreensão a alunos de 2ª série de escolas públicas de Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-10-22) BASTOS, Elizabeth Cristina de Menezes; BAPTISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5106423103112681Researchers using the stimulus equivalence paradigm have succeeded in teaching reading comprehension in human subjects of all ages with or without a history of school failure. The present study was conducted for the same purpose with five second graders, four females and one male in the 8 to 11 age range, all presenting reading problems. The following stimulus sets were employed: (1) spoken and printed syllables; (2) spoken and printed words; (3) pictures representing the words; (4) spoken and printed sentences, and (5) pictures representing these sentences. Different experimental phases were programmed involving pre-tests, training conditional relations, tests of emergent relations for equivalence and generalization, and post-tests. Syllables, words, sentences and novel words and sentences constituted the experimental stimuli. A conditional discrimination format was used, where the sample stimulus (word, printed sentence or picture ) was positioned on the left side of a rectangular card, and the comparison stimuli (three words, printed sentences or pictures) where located on the right side, separated by a vertical line. The card was used in all activities by the experimenter, who was, in turn, accompanied by an independent observer. Instructions were given verbally, and there were differential consequences for corect and incorrect responses. The control in all phaes of the activity was manual. The learning criterion was set at a 100% correct response rate. Each session lasted about 40 minutes.Equivalence tests were administered only once. On the generalization tests, wrong answers were followed by a repetition of the learning trials. Conditional relations involving spoken words, printed words and pictures (mixed AB and AC) were learned successfully. A majority of the children formed the BC equivalence relationship between the pictures and printed words, and all mastered the inverse CB equivalence relation. In addition the participants successfully named the pictures corresponding to the words (BD), read the words (CD), and were able to read new words (CD). Subsequently they succeeded in making conditional relations between spoken words and printed pictures (AC), and on trained relations between spoken and printed sentences (mixed AC). Whereas only two children formed the BC equivalence between pictures and printed sentences, the majority formed the inverse CB equivalence. Also a majority named the drawn sentences (BD), all read these sentences (CD) as well as new sentences containing recombined words (CD), and all read other novel sentences containing recombined syllables (CD). Thirty days afterwards, all of the children maintained the same level of word reading performance, and most read the same or recombined sentences. Results from this study made it possible to identify the principal prerequisites necessary to teach reading and assess comprehension involving verbal units and simple sentences based on the equivalence paradigm. It was suggested that in future investigations the verbal units might be further extended to encompass more complex sentence structures, which, aside from nouns and adjectives, would include pronouns, verbs and adverbs, among others.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ensino de leitura de frases com compreensão a crianças de segunda série do ensino fundamental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-10-05) ALBUQUERQUE, Eliana dos Santos; BAPTISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5106423103112681The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of teaching reading comprehension using sentences containing three types of words (a pronoun, a noun, and an adjective), based on the equivalence paradigm, and thereby extending verbal units utilized in a previous investigation. The sample was composed of five second grade children with reading difficulties from public schools in Belem, Para. There were five experimental phases including, pretests, teaching, intermediate and post-tests. The AB and AC relations were taught by use of syllables, words and sentences according to a specific stimulus modality: verbalized by the experimenter, pictorial and printed. The following equivalence relations were assessed, verbal naming and generalized word reading (Generalization I); two-word sentences (Generalization II and III), and three-word sentences (Generalization IV). The criterion for success was 100% correct responses in each trial block, with differential consequences. After the last phase the number of correct and incorrect responses without differential consequences was evaluated. The students responded consistently to the teaching criterion method. On Generalization Test I, three participants responded readily to new words. On Generalization Tests II and III, all of the participants read each new twoword sentence. On the Generalization Test IV, only two participants read all of the newly presented three-word sentences. After 30 days, of the four participants that remained in the experiment, two maintained the same level of generalized two-word sentences, whereas only one read consistently the generalized three-word sentences. In comparison with a previous study that used only two-word sentences, these results demonstrated the positive effect of the procedure. In theoretical, methodological and social terms, the findings may have educational relevance and make significant contributions to the teaching of reading comprehension. Future research using the facilitating procedures implicit in verbal unit reading, as based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm, appears especially promising.