Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento - PPGTPC/NTPC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2332

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), iniciou suas atividades em 1987 com o curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento. O curso de Doutorado passou a ser oferecido a partir do ano 2000.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acoustic ecology of dolphins of the genus Sotalia (Cetartiodactyla, Delphinidae) and of the newly described Araguaian boto Inia araguaiaensis (Cetartiodactyla, Iniidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-09) SANTOS, Gabriel Melo Alves dos; MAY-COLLADO, Laura J.; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Sensory systems are vital for animals to obtain information about their surroundings. Information can be gathered via visual, chemical, electrical, tactile and acoustic cues. These cues are used in several ecological contexts including foraging, competition, defense, social interactions (e.g. courtship behavior), and to indicate a condition, emotional or reproductive state or identity of the signal emitter. For aquatic mammals, sound is the most important mechanism of communication. Light attenuates rapidly with depth in aquatic environments limiting visual communication. In contrast, sound has low attenuation in water and it travels about five times faster in water than in air, making a very efficient way to communicate underwater. Therefore, sound is a fundamental aspect of cetacean biology, as these animals rely on acoustic signals for communication, navigation and location of prey. The genus Sotalia consist of two species that inhabit contrasting habitats. The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) inhabits the coastal waters from Nicaragua to Southern Brazil, and the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) is confined to the main tributaries of the Amazon Basin. Meanwhile, river dolphins of the genus Inia - commonly known as botos - are found exclusively in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Tocantins River Basins. With their conservation status of both genera as data deficient there is great demand for information on their biology. As a key factor on cetacean biology acoustics can provide us with a richness of information and used as a tool to acquire data on habitat use, population numbers and behavior. However, in order to do so, first one needs to know the species vocal repertoire in detail and be able to differentiate those using acoustic methods. Thus, here we present the first distributionwide analysis of the vocal repertoire of Sotalia dolphins and diversity and geographical patterns of their whistles. In addition, we present the first description of the vocal repertoire of Inia araguaiaensis focusing on repertoire diversity and structure. The whistle repertoire of both Sotalia species is highly structured, with populations of the riverine species showing a less diverse whistle repertoire than the populations of the coastal species. The highly structured repertoire is likely due to the small home ranges and low gene flow among populations. Differences in the richness of the acoustic repertoire between both species, may be due to a combination of socioecological and evolutionary factors. We also provide the first description of the Araguaian boto (Inia araguaiensis) acoustic behavior and showed that they have a rich acoustic repertoire consisting of whistles and primarily pulsed calls. While whistles were produced rarely, a specific type of call, the short two-component calls were the most common signal emitted during the study. These calls were similar in acoustic structure to those produced by orcas (Orcinus orca) and pilot whales (Globicephala sp.). Because of the context at which these signals were produced, we hypothesize that they possibly play a role in mother-calf communication. Sotalia and Inia can be acoustically distinguished based on their social sounds, as the former has a repertoire based on whistles and the latter based on pulsative calls. With the low emission rate of whistles by Inia, so chances of misidentification are low. Thus, sounds of both genera can be used to distinguish them from one another during passive acoustic monitoring and serve as proxies for species presence in studies of distribution, habitat use, and abundance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adaptação da Escala de Ansiedade de Beck para avaliação de surdos e cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-05) SANCHEZ, Cintia Nazare Madeira; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
This study met three articles concerning the adaptation of psychological instruments to evaluate the population of deaf and blind. Considering that these instruments are not adapted to evaluate people with special educational needs, complicating diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore the need to adapt these instruments for this population is indisputable. This situation also occurs in the area of deafness and blindness, in which there is a shortage of jobs in Brazil. In the first article was conducted a literature review of instruments adapted for this population. It is concluded that the area of hearing assessment scales are adapted to various factors as psychometric for measuring depression, anxiety and intelligence, but the area of blindness instruments are suited for the assessment of cognitive functioning. The aim of the second study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) to sign language and alphabet digital generating a scale to assess anxiety in deaf users of Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). The sample consisted of 25 deaf users LIBRAS (experimental group) and 25 listeners (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic, and panic. Therefore BAI adapted showed validity equivalent to BAI standard to assess anxiety in deaf, the items appear to have adapted the modified factor structure of the instrument, thus allowing its use in the assessment of anxiety in deaf users of LIBRAS. The third study was conducted with visually impaired, this deficiency is most prevalent in the population reaching 35.8 million people with difficulty seeing even with corrective lenses, and 506,3 thousand are blind. Despite the significant number of blind in the literature there are few studies of adapting assessment tools for the blind, as they are evaluated on the parameters of the seers. Given this reality, the objective of this study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) for Braille generating a scale to assess anxiety in blind Braille users. The sample consisted of 25 blind Braille users (experimental group) and 25 seers (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic. Subscale panic in this difference was statistically significant at the limit. Therefore BAI adapted showed equivalent BAI validity standard for evaluating anxiety blind, adapted items seem to have modified the factor structures of the instrument, allowing their use in the evaluation of anxiety in users blind Braille.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento anti-retroviral por cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes soropositivos de uma Unidade de Saúde do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-02) BRANCO, Caroline Mota; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
The adhesion to treatment has been receiving a lot of attention in Health´s Psychology these years. Studies in this area reveal that the patients who don't take part in the treatment cannot receive benefits of therapeutical intervention. The literature about adhesion in the anti-retroviral´s treatment reveals that is the caretaker who usually has the responsibility for managing soropositive children and teenager´s treatment. This study aims to describe the standard adhesion of caretakers treatment who live in the State of Pará, identifying the variables that interfere in their participation. It still reveals the types of cope strategies used to deal with the adverse conditions of soropositivity. For that, it was carried out a descriptive study, of transverse cut, with 30 caretakers, enrolled in the “Unidade de Referência Materno-infantil e Adolescente do Estado do Pará” (UREMIA), using, as instruments of data collection, an interview with caretakers - which investigated socialdemografic, clinical and psicosocial children and teenager's aspects - and the “Escala Modos of Enfrentamento de Problemas” (EMEP). Concerning to caretakers participation, it was observed that some conditions facilitated the treatment´s adhesion. Those conditions were related to varied of family organization (such as the number of people that lived in a house), to the history of treatment interruption and the self-report of caretakers about the fulfilment standard which should be emitted about the success (or failure) of the adhesion. The influence of those varied demonstrated the influence of behavior control made by rules, because the caretakers emitted the fulfillment standard classified as "adhesion" in order to avoid being in contact with the aversive consequences of the non-continuation of the treatment. Concerning to the cope strategies, it was showed a major grade for Factor 3, emphasizing the use of strategies focused on religious practices and/or imaginative thoughts. This research verified that the caretakers of the sample avoided thinking about the soropositivity problem as it is really constituted, using religious thoughts or "magic" to continue working with the daily routine of the subject coping, which involved the condition of children and teenager’s soropositivity. Based on all this data, this research suggests that more studies should be carried out in order to investigate themes related to the function of social contigences about the behavior of children and teenager’s caretakers from Pará, and also investigate aspects concerned to the diagnosis revealing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento da malária: um estudo em comunidades do entorno da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) ROCHA, Maria de Nazaré Almeida; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Malaria, infectious disease, caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, transmitted to humans by the bite of female mosquito of the genus Anopheles. Currently puts at risk 40% of the world population. In Brazil occurs mainly in the Amazon region where they are concentrated 99.7% of cases. In communities located around the lake of Tucuruí the occurrence of malaria is high and the residents do not have efficient services that provide appropriate prophylaxis and therapy. This research has the purpose of examining the occurrence of conduct of accession to drug treatment and prevention of malaria in people living in the surrounding communities of the Tucuruí hydroelectric power, state of Para, through comparison of three conditions for intervention: Timing ( n = 10), Monitoring (n = 9) and Monitoring with information (n = 10). To quantitatively assess the effects of intervention in the conduct adopted three conditions were compared by non-parametric statistical methods: the Chi-square test and Binomial test. It was previously set the significance level alpha = 0.05 to reject the null hypothesis. The adherence to treatment and the conditions Routine Monitoring was marginal, however, in the condition Monitoring with information was found that after the intervention 80% of the participants joined significantly (p <0.05) to treatment, demonstrating, effectiveness of intervention. As to the knowledge of malaria, in the condition Monitoring with information when compared with other conditions, after intervention, was obtained p-value = 0.0466 (significant) indicating that the intervention promoted increase in the level of knowledge of participants on malaria. The analysis of change in the behavioral repertoire was held in thirteen items. Results have been achieved more success in then condition Monitoring with information on nine items was observed significant change of attitude of the participants, highlighting the fact that these nine items the p-value <0.05 was certificate as evidence of statistical significance of this conclusion. The comparison between the conditions Monitoring and Monitoring with information presented significant difference in eight items. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in the following items: Use mosquito net, notify the officer of health, keep the trees pruned or cut, not bathing in the river in times of danger, Wear clothes suitable for enter the forest, Use appropriate clothing for fishing, not staying at night and Use repellents as andiroba or similar. In summary, the intervention was successful to contribute to effective treatment of malaria and increase the level of knowledge about the disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento em adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1: dois estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-01) SILVA, Ingrid Ferreira Soares da; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is a chronic degenerative disease of major impact on the quality of life of children and adolescents. The DM1 affects predominantly children and young adults under 30 years of age with peak incidence from 10 to 14 years of age. As a chronic disease it involves changes in daily habits, and rule following becomes a key behavior to achieve such changes. This study aimed to examine factors that influenced the behavior of following the rules prescribed for the treatment of adolescents diagnosed with DM1. These rules relate specifically to the measurement of the blood glucose, the usage of the diet plan in choosing the menu and the application of insulin. The study included two adolescents aged 14 and 17 years, diagnosed with DM1, which had difficulties in controlling the disease according to medical evaluation. Also included as participants of this study were those responsible for each adolescent. The following survey instruments were used: 1) Set of interviews with the parents; 2) Inventory of parenting styles; 3) Questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life of adolescents with DM1; 4) Set of interviews with the adolescents; 5) Diabetes social support questionnaire – family version; and 6) Self monitoring forms for Treatment Compliance Behavior. The data collection was performed in the households of the adolescents. The procedure involved the following steps: 1) Selection of participants; 2) Individual interviews with the parents/guardians; 3) Individual interviews with the adolescents, including applications for inventory on their support network, characterization of the baseline behavior of measuring blood glucose, tracking diet plan, and insulin administration, interviews with positive feedback, and final interview. The results from the analysis of compliance behaviors and from the environmental factors reported by each participant throughout the research identified that the participant which emitted compliance behaviors appropriately had a good quality of life, a good level of knowledge about DM1, his parents owned a positive parenting style, perceived support provided by family, besides having a social condition satisfactory to meet the needs of the family. But the participant with a low compliance, although demonstrating a good quality of life, his parents were using a lot of negative practices, despite their parenting style being also positive, the family support perceived by the participant was inconsistent and his social status was insufficient to provide all the tools necessary for his treatment compliance. Thus, it was possible to analyze the factors that influence compliance to treatment, however further research should be conducted using a larger number of participants and also have a longitudinal character, with long-term monitoring to verify the effect of the variables described in the research along the lives of the participants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento por cuidadores de crianças com hipotireoidismo congênito
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06-03) OLIVEIRA, Fabiana Pereira Sabino de; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Chronic diseases which require attention and continuous evaluations and have called for attention ofhealth professionals, specially those who devote themselves to the area ofPediatric Psychology, who devote themselves to the study of child development, as well as to the relationship between health and sickness and the interferences in the life quality of children and their relatives. This study aims accomplishing a descriptive study to identify variables making easier or more difficult, the adherence to the treatment of caregivers of children with Congenital Hypothyroidism, attended by the Center of Reference in Pará State. Fifty main caregivers ranging between 17 to 55 years of age. Forty mothers, four grandmothers, four fathers and two aunts took part in this study. Variables related to the adherence were identified by means of structured interviews. Program characteristics were analyzed through structured interviews carried out by the team professionals. The analyses of caregivers reports showed that some of the demands to the treatment adherence are not being supplied. Informations about the illness characteristics, etiology, diagnostics, treatment and prognostics are not part of the repertory of most caregivers, independently of age, school degree, degree of relationship with reiatives and time of participation in the Neonatal Selection Programo Significant differences were found regarding the adequate time for the exam accomplishment, which showed the delay of the treatment start. The difficulties described by the professionals as to the adherence to the treatment by the caregivers were attributed not only to the problems showed by the Program structure itselfbut also by the lack of interest to it. The study brings relevant implications to the implantation of more effective and efficacious prevention programs to attend the needs of caregivers and promote the adequate child development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento por pacientes portadores de diabetes tipo 1 e tipo 2: efeitos do treino de discriminação de dicas internas e externas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-03-01) BRANDÃO, Washington Luiz de Oliveira; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
The present study aims to compare the results of discriminatioll training of symptoms and actions related to the treatment of Type I and Type 2 diabetes, evaluating the effectíveness of these trainings for the estimation of glicemic levels and adherence to the treatment. A countless number of surveys carried on in the Health psychology field has the goal of improving the treatment to diabetic patients. Part of these surveys use a procedure caUed general blood glucose selfmonitoring which is based on skills such as observation, checking and registering the relevant aspects in the treatment of diabetes such as: (a) glícemic leveI (GL); (b) symptoms (internal cues - 1C); and (c) actions related to the treatment such as medication, nourishment and physical activity (external cues - EC). The studieshave shownthat general blood glucose.self-monitoring helps the patients to improve the levei of discrimination ofthe glicemic a1terations. This 1iterature is not clear about defining which is the best cue to the used to improve the discrimination of the glicemic levels and states that the development of this skill does not enhance the adherence to the treatment. This study was made of three distinct phases: (a) Baseline and introdutory interview; (b) Trainings interviews; (c) Devolutive final interview. The training phase is divided ln two parts - Internal Cues (IC) and External Cues (EC). During the training phases the participants estimated and assigned a cause to the glicemic leveI on their blood stream measured by a memory-containing reflectometer in the interviews. During in the EC, the participantes also received a feedback from the researcher about the report of the directions followed, based on the directions given by medical advice and compiled from medical registers ofthe patients. 1ts rate of adherence (RA) was measured in the two first phases. The training interviews were conducted at 'the participant's home, in the intervals of 3 days, during which the participants registered the events which took place during corresponding phase. The results showed that independently of the type of training which was accomplished, the participants estimated their glicemic levels based on external cues. The symptoms related to 1Cphase were not always associated to glicemic leveI measured. The participants with diabetes Type 1 reached a higher degree of precision on their estimations during the EC training. The majority of participants had higher degree of the adherence to the treatment when they stared by the EC training. The results suggest that: (a) the reports of the symptoms are not the best indication to evaluate glicemic leveI and adherence of treatment; (b) the best type of training to enhance the adherence to the treatment is the one which involves external cues
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adoção de crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais: aspectos psicossociais envolvidos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-06) SILVA, Fabíola Helena Oliveira Brandão da; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
This study aimed to understand and describe the psychosocial aspects of adoption of children and adolescents with special needs since the creation of the National Register of Adoption (NRA), in April 2008. Thus, we set out goals that motivated the development of the three constituents of the dissertation studies. The first described the social and family demographic characteristics of applicants for adoption to parents of children with and without typical development. Furthermore, drew a profile of children and adolescents considered suitable for adoption, enrolled in CNA. The second study aimed to investigate risk factors and protective for the development of three adopted children with special needs, analyzing common and unique aspects of their life histories, since the psychosocial condition of the biological parents to the process of entering and living in the family replacement. The third involved three families who have adopted children with special needs, who had prior knowledge of this infantile condition, in order to describe the familiar routines. From the results obtained by the three studies was possible to know the sociodemographic characteristics and aspects of structure and family dynamics that mark in general, and in particular in the cases studied, the demands generated by children with special needs and how applicants and parents by adoption have undertaken to answer them. We conclude that both candidates to the adoption of children with special needs, as their adoptive parents appeared to favor the fulfillment of children's demands, especially family life provide these children in vulnerable.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adoção tardia de gêmeos: estudo de caso de uma família adotante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-06) OLIVEIRA, Márcia Luzia Silva de; PEDROSO, Janari da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4096274367867186; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
The research describes the transition from conjugality for adoptive parenthood of twins, at the age of three and half years. Based on the structural theory of systemic aimed to analyze the relationship of a couple age 50-63 years old, so, identify the reasons, routines and changes after adoption. It was used as instruments Semi-structured Interviews, Genogram Interviews, Routine Inventory and Daily Field. From the reports were taken two axis: “The couple: characteristics and performance” and “The adoptive family: couple and routine care of the twins.” The main results indicate that since the beginning of the relationship, the couple already experiencing several transitions. It appears that after the adoption, the role of parenting creates a period of conflict, crisis, difficulty in orienting, educating, establishing rules and limits children who lived institutionalized since seven months. It can be seen in the role of wife overload in child care, the family has the support of a cooperating in housework and childcare. In addition, the couple faces some prejudices of society in general, and those closest to the decision to adopt older children. It is noteworthy that need psychological support families adopters during and after late adoption process and the importance of longitudinal study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adultos e adolescentes autores de agressão sexual: características biopsicossociais e suas percepções sobre infância, adolescência e violência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-10) SILVEIRA, Víviam da Silva; REIS, Daniela Castro dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8805305887566391; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-4516; CALVACANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-0651
Sexual violence encompasses all societies, and manifests itself in different ways in their different contexts. This phenomenon is present throughout the life trajectory of many children and adolescents, whether as victims or perpetrators of sexual aggression. With the purpose of investigating this phenomenon, this dissertation presents a research with an empirical-descriptive design and quantitative-qualitative data analysis. The research sought to investigate the perceptions of adults (+ 18 years old) and adolescents (12 to 18 years old) perpetrators of sexual aggression against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence, relating them to the biopsychosocial characteristics that define the two age groups involved in the research. Therefore, two studies with similar methodological characteristics were carried out, thematically interconnected, but with individuals from two different age groups. Study I sought to investigate the relationship between perceptions of adult perpetrators of sexual assault against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence and the biopsychosocial characteristics of this age group (+ 18 years), which includes men sentenced for crimes of sexual violence in units prisons. Ten (N=10) interviews conducted and transcribed between 2015 and 2016 were selected for content analysis by the Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD) with the support of the Iramuteq Software. The results showed that 90% of these adults were over 30 years old; as for education, 50% did not complete elementary school; 10% attended incomplete high school and 30% managed to complete high school, of these participants only 10% had access to incomplete higher education. All participants experienced situations of violence throughout their life trajectories, and regarding the degree of severity of the sexual assault committed, 40% of the authors assumed the practice with hands on; 40% did not assume such aggression, and 20% of these declared that they do not remember the act for which they are serving their sentence. The perception of these adults about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence appears directly linked to the experiences of these participants in the different stages of their development, in addition to not disassociating this form of aggression from the use of physical force. Study II aimed to investigate the relationship between the perceptions of adolescents who perpetrate sexual aggression against children and adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence and the biopsychosocial characteristics of this age group (12 to 18 years old), which brings together adolescents who respond in court for an analogous offense to the rape of a vulnerable person and who were in compliance with a socio-educational measure. Four (N=4) participants were reached for content analysis of the interviews transcribed through the CHD of Iramuteq. The results showed that the adolescents were over 15 years old. In terms of education, 2 (50%) had not completed elementary school, 1 (25%) had not completed high school, and 1 (25%) had not completed this information. As for the violence suffered, it was observed that all participants experienced situations of violence. With regard to the degree of severity of the act performed, none of the participants assumed their practice in hands on. The perception of these adolescents about childhood, adolescence and sexual violence appears as a reflection of the construction of these categories throughout the life trajectory of these individuals, highlighting sexual violence linked to the use of physical force. Therefore, through the two studies, the hypothesis that there is a greater number of similarities than differences in the reports of these individuals (adults and adolescents) about the perceptions of sexual violence was taken into account. It is possible to point out the relationship between the biopsychosocial characteristics of the two age groups of perpetrators of sexual aggression, and particular ways of dealing with the experiences present in their life trajectories. It is possible to affirm that adolescent and adult authors, despite being in different groups, were probably socialized in very similar cultural and belief systems, which can influence and direct the construction of perceptions that are close to each other. However, adult authors tend to refer to violence as separate chapters in their life trajectory, and in the opposite direction, adolescents tend to show a direct relationship between sexual violence and issues experienced during their previous stages of development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comparativa da ansiedade relatada em surdos e ouvintes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-01) COSTA, Edilane Lourenço da; GOUVEIA JR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
The group of deaf people in Brazil is considered significant. Deafness can lead to emotional disorders, among them anxiety. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure anxiety reported among deaf and hearing people, with application of the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS) standard and adapted to Brazilian sign language. The sample consisted of 62 participants were divided into hearing group (n = 31) and deaf group (n = 31) mean age of 31 (±7.53) and 31 (±7.69) years, respectively, of both sexes, paired for age, sex, income and education level . The application of VAMS were individually and data were analyzed for factors: anxiety, physical sedation, mental sedation, other feelings and the total index scale. The data was preceded by the application of the normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and equal variance test. For data that obeyed these tests, we used the Student t test to compare the factors of VAMS; between groups, between male and female, within groups and between groups; at different income levels, within the groups and between groups; in different years of study, within groups and between groups. When it was not possible to satisfy the criteria of normality and homogeneity of variance test was used non-parametric Mann-Whitney (U). It was adopted a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. We analyzed the correlation in the variables, income, education level and age with each of the scale factors, in the hearing group and the deaf group. The results showed statistically significant difference between groups in the index of physical sedation, being lower in deaf than in the hearing group. In the analysis between groups, hearing and deaf, distributed by sex, was expressed statistically significant in the factor other feelings, being higher in the deaf, both females and males in relation to the male hearing group. In the variables income and education level were statistically significant differences in the components of VAMS, anxiety, mental sedation and physical sedation, between and within groups. In the correlation analysis, the hearing group, positive correlation was found in the variable income and education level versus physical sedation and positive correlation in the variable age versus anxiety. In the deaf group was a positive correlation in the variable age versus physical sedation. We conclude that the use of scales to assess anxiety is important and valuable for field research, and VAMS adapted to Brazilian sign language was sensitive to evaluate anxiety in deaf, it facilitates the inclusion diagnosis of this specific population, which is sometimes sub diagnosed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da adesão ao tratamento em mulheres com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-14) NEDER, Patrícia Regina Bastos; CARNEIRO, José Ronaldo Matos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0859417913316803; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune, multisystemic connective tissue inflammatory disease, capable of affecting several organs and systems throughout the body. It affects mostly women and presents periods of remission and exacerbation. Even though its etiology still unknown, several factors contribute to the development of the disease, among them hormonal, environmental, genetic and immunological factors. Some clinical manifestations have challenged the specialists, among them the association of SLE with depressive states. This study aimed to identify related variables with adhesion to treatment in women with SLE diagnosis. Correlations were made between socio demographic characteristics, levels of depression, quality of life, coping and adhesion behavior to treatment strategies. The following instruments were used: Itineraries of interview, The Beck Scale, International Quality of Life Assessment Project (SF-36), The Ways of Coping Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF). The participants formed a group of thirty patients attended at the rheumatology ward of a public hospital. They were distributed in two groups: Adhesion (n=17) and Non Adhesion (n=13). The adhesion group, regardless of age and time of diagnosis, presented lower levels of depression when compared with the non adhesion group. The results suggest that, on both groups, during the first five months of patients’ coexistence with SLE, the physical aspect, pain and the general state of health are found to be difficult factors to deal with. However, it is possible to assert that, in the same period, if the patient does not adhere to the medical prescriptions, the discomfort regarding the mentioned factors is intensified. The correlation between Vitality subscale and the social Aspects (measured by the SF-36) and the adhesion to treatment presented valid results, for the Adhesion group participants also reported that they felt protected as much by their social group as by the health team. The results suggest that depressive behavior can take place for the long period these patients have been living with the uncontrollability of the disease symptoms, and also for the sequelae caused by SLE, which affects them severely, implicating vital organs such as kidneys, heart, lungs, damaging their quality of life. The pros and cons, as well the limitations on the use of instruments for identification of relevant variables in the study of adhesion to the treatment in chronic diseases are also discussed. Longitudinal studies are suggested, with delineation of the subject as its own control to investigate the relation between depressive states, control of symptoms and adhesion to treatment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da competição entre os efeitos de consequências imediatas e efeitos de justificativas sobre o seguimento de regras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-18) FARIAS, Andréa Fonseca; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
This study aimed to investigate the effects of rules with additional justifications of Type 1 (reports about possible consequences of rule governed behavior) and Type 2 (reports about eventual approval or not, of the rule following) on the maintenance of rule governed behavior, after a change in programmed contingencies when this behavior starts to produce loss of reinforcer (points exchangeable for cash). To this end, 44 participants were exposed to a matching to sample procedure. The task was to point to each of the three comparison stimuli in a given sequence. Each comparison stimulus had only one dimension - color (C), thickness (T) or shape (S) - in common with the sample and differed on all other dimensions. Experiment included six conditions. Each condition was composed of four phases. Phases 1 and 3 started with the presentation of a rule related to programmed contingencies, while Phases 2 and 4 were marked by an unsignaled change, in such contingencies. Phases 1 and 3 differed only as to the justifications presented to rule following. The maintenance of the rule governed behavior avoided loss of the programmed reinforcer in Phases 1 and 3, and produced such loss in Phases 2 and 4. Overall, results showed that rules with justifications can alter the probability of the behavior specified by them to occur in the future. The role of control by rules in the explanation of behavior was discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da comunicação sonora do Curió Oryzoborus angolensis (Aves, Passeriformes, Emberizidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-29) LOPES, João dos Prazeres; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
The Seed-finch Oryzoborus angolensis (Aves, Passeriformes, Oscines, Emberizinae) is very a popular and appreciated species birdkeepers in Brazil, due to its melodious and varied song. The song represents the species-specific recognition signal for the most of the birds. Songs with long vocal repertoires, population and individual variations can be indicatives of vocal learning. In this context, we studied the song of the Lesser seed finch Oryzoborus angolensis. The song of O. angolensis is characterized as a sequence of pure notes organized and repeated in discrete phrases. We analyze the song of 26 individuals, 16 in captivity and 10 wild from different localities of their distribution area. The measures of physical parameters of the notes (note duration, note interval, rhythm, minimum and maximum frequency) presented significant global differences, considered here the characters that represents the species-specific code. We observe that the notes are constituted mainly by widely modulated pure sounds and are distributed in homogeneous way in our sample. We have found significant differences between the repertoire of the individuals kept in captivity and wild.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da escolha individual na distribuição livre ideal: comparando diferenças e razões
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-01-13) SILVA, Thaís Tavares da; TONNEAU, François Jacques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2917023797307669
Optimal foraging theory, as a way of understanding foraging behavior, provides a foundation for the Ideal free distribution theory, which seeks to explain the choices of subjects under the condition of group competition. However, although many experiments have been performed to assess the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD), deviations have been observed in relation to the predictions of the IFD, both in other species and in humans. Sokolowski et al. (1999) have proposed an explanation for such deviations in terms of equalizing differences (nG-WG)-(nRWR) instead of ratios (WG/nG-WR/nR). Here we proposed an experiment in which individuals conducted their choices with a software that simulated the choices of subjects in a group. The software was developed in order to clarify the role of respective equations (ratioor difference-based) or choices strategies, fitting the data with a sigmoidal function. The dependent variable was the choice of every subject while being presented with artificial situations. The results showed that subjects performed their choices under the control of the two strategies, as well as others. This study brings relevant contributions to the study of individual choices, in addition to providing data that deserve to be analysed in more detail by future research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da formação de classes ordinais sob controle condicional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-20) NUNES, Ana Letícia de Moraes; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Studies have shown that the formation of ordinal classes emerge from separate sequence training. The reversal of ordinal functions becomes an important variable when a sequence is subjected to conditional control. The development of ordinal classes under conditional control has been verified when a chaining procedure was used to establish the original contingencies. The training of overlapping paired sequences (e.g. A1->A2, A2->A3, A3- >A4, and A4->A5) may lead to the true emergence of intra-sequential transitive relations. There have been no conclusive results when using an overlapping procedure with conditional control. This study investigated the emergence of ordinal relations in children when overlapping paired stimuli were employed in three experiments. The experimental sessions were conducted in a room located in an educational institution. An REL software program (Version 5.0 for windows) was utilized for stimulus presentation and response recording. The experimental task required sequential responses simultaneous stimuli displayed on the monitor, and correct responses received differential reinforcement during the training session. The purpose of the pilot study was to ascertain whether ordinal relations emerged when training involved overlapping two-stimulus sequences and functional reversals (e.g. when a green square elicited an A1->A2 response, or if a red square elicited an A2->A1 response). Three preschool children participated in the study, and the visual stimuli were cardinal numbers (Sequence “A”), written names of numbers (“B”), and quantities (“C”). The emergence of transitive relations was observed in two participants, and another exhibited ordinal class formation under conditional control. Subsequently, Experiment 1 analyzed the emergence of ordinal relations in eight additional children, following overlapping twostimulus sequence training (e.g. A1->A2, A2->A3 and so forth). Two sets of visual stimuli were used (numbers and quantities). All participants formed transitive relations and in most of them, ordinal class formation was observed as well as novel performance on a generalization test. Furthermore, five children from Experiment 1 participated in Experiment 2, and were exposed to overlapping two-stimulus sequence training on one set of stimuli (“A”) involving conditional control of color discrimination. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of conditional control on ordinal relations. In all of these participants the emergence of transitive relations and ordinal class formation was verified. Three children produced pairs of the second sequence (“B”) under conditional control without direct training. However, performance on the sequence probes varied, apparently as a result of unprogrammed stimulus control. Finally, the discussion focused on the prerequisites for sequential responding under conditional control and its implications for the development of number concepts in children.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da investigação dos determinantes do comportamento homossexual humano
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-21) MENEZES, Aline Beckmann de Castro; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
The behavior determination debate lasts since Antiquity, usually based in dichotomic arguments. Actual tendency of behavior determination comprehension points out to an interacionist perspective, analyzing genetic, biological and environmental influences combined over behavior. Many empirical researches have been developed to identify which factors are responsible for a specific behavior. Considering impossible to make a complete study of human behavior determinants, it was chosen to focus into a specific padron the homosexual behavior. Since Antiquity until nowadays, homosexual behavior determinants have been debated. Besides, this subject concerns to a large amount of people and reflects in important social issues. The present study had the purpose of analyzing which are the empiric evidences about homosexual behavior determination, through three stages: (1) historic evolution of the behavior determination, with emphasis on the methodologies applied; (2) presentation and discussion of the main research strategies about homosexual behavior determination, with emphasis on the critical analysis of data; (3) discussion of research implications and possible empirical follow-up. A bibliographic search was conducted, identifying six main research strings: hormonal measures, hormonal effects, genetic, cerebral functioning, animal models and environmental effects. Each research methodology and results were critically analyzed. Then, politics influence over research and the ethical consequences of data release were discussed; as existing data were organized into a proposal to understand the phenomena. It is expected to have contributed to a general description of the actual stage of homosexual behavior determinants as to a critical perspective over methodologies applied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das funções de verbalizações de terapeuta e cliente sobre sentimentos, emoções e estados motivacionais na terapia analítico-comportamental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-10-13) BARBOSA, João Ilo Coelho; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Recent studies done by behavior analysts have aimed at gaining more knowledge about the function which self-descriptive accounts of feelings, emotions and motivational states (SEM) can have on the therapeutic process. This would allow for the development of a model of behavior-analytic intervention in light of such report. This study investigated the possible relationship between the clients verbalizations which were made concerning SEM, the interventions of the therapist in light of these comments and the evolution of the problems or complaints of the client in the development of a clinical case. The participants in the study were an experienced behavior-analytic therapist and a married adult client, who had no record of psychiatric problems. Thirty-six sessions were recorded, transcribed and analyzed over a period of one year. The analysis of the verbalizations which occurred in the sessions was done on the basis of four categories, two referring to the therapist: categories related to the basic functions of the therapists verbalization (FBVT) and categories of analysis. The other two categories referred to the client: categories of analysis and indicators of complaint or change. These categories were also compared regarding their occurrence within and outside of emotional episodes (EE), defined as sequences of dialogues between therapist and client, in which there was at least one mention of the clients SEM. The analysis of the results showed that the main complaints of the client were related to her husband, body events, mood, parents or relatives, work colleagues and the lack of assertiveness. The SEM which were referred to most in the report of the client and the therapist were those related to motivational states, sadness and fear. It was verified that the therapists interventions, in light of the accounts with reference to SEM took place mainly in the form of investigation and confrontation. Only a small portion of these interventions suggested any relationship between a response of the client and environmental contingencies, predominately the antecedent-response type. The client made more relationships between environmental events and her responses than the therapist did, which were also of the antecedent-response type. Regarding the evolution of complaints made, one can affirm that there was no evidence of the occurrence of consistent changes in the clients repertoire, nor in the way she referred to her problems. Comparing the categories which were studied within and outside of the EE, a major change was found in the FBVT, in the categories of analysis of the therapist and the client. There was also a larger number of and variation of the occurrences of indicators of complaint or change within such episodes. Such results confirmed that feelings, emotions and motivational states are targets of investigation and intervention of the analytic-behavioral therapist, which are consistent with existing literature. The clients and therapists mention of SEM or of related events strengthen the idea that these can be dealt with, some times as hidden responses, some times as private stimulus and quite frequently as the relationship between those who are involved in the events, as well as groups of interrelated links. Not being occasionally able to observe terms of behavioral relationships which define SEM did not lead to a different type of approach on the part of the therapist. On the contrary, the mention of SEM by the therapist and client seemed to favor the occurrence of verbalization which established connections between the clients behavior and environmental events.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de conteúdo verbal na solução de dificuldades de portadores de transtornos ansiosos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-15) MOREIRA, Sandra Bernadete da Silva; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Verbal behavior comprehension is crucial to the analysis of dysfunctional behaviors attended in behavior analytic therapy. Studies of verbal report studies on clinical context, have showed the importance of the use of verbal behavior and have generated intervention procedures to solve problems. Self-reports reinforcement, as a function of reinforcement contingencies, indicates that changing verbal behavior is an effective way to change non verbal behavior outside the therapeutic setting. The goal of this study is to show the utility of a procedure of managing verbal contingencies by a therapist through the systematization of a client verbal contents and its written devolution to solve problems of individuals with anxious disorders in a therapeutic setting. After being exposed to their own verbal behavior, it was possible to two participants of this study to characterize their difficulties, identifying and describing ambient contingencies related to their undesirable behavior and consequently to describe proposes of solution of these difficulties. It is discussed how the exposition to systematized verbal report changes further the verbal reports and the problem behavior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma análise de procedimentos para a indução de nomeação bidirecional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-06) SANTOS, Edson Luiz Nascimento dos; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The present thesis consists of a literature review and an experimental study with the aim of analyzing procedures that are used to induction of bidirectional naming (BiN). The theoretical study carried out a systematic review of experimental studies on BiN in order to identify and analyze, considering the new classification proposed by Hawkins, Gautreaux and Chiesa (2018), the profile of the participants, the subtypes of BiN that the studies sought to assess and the teaching procedures used, the procedures used to test the emergency of BiN, and the BiN effectively evaluated. It was observed that 16 studies were realized with participants with atypical development, and that the majority used (1) identity matching-to-sample with the experimenter tacting the sample stimulus (IDMTS+tact) training and tact and listener tests in the evaluation of ‘speaker unidirectional naming’; and (2) ‘multiple exemplar instruction’ (MEI) as procedures to induce ‘speaker unidirectional naming’. The experimental study aimed to verify the effectiveness of a MEI procedure to induction of BiN and to assess whether presenting joint bidirectional naming is sufficient to demonstrate incidental bidirectional naming in four children with ASD. One participant demonstrated joint bidirectional naming after MEI and joint incidental bidirectional naming with new stimulus. The second participant passed the tests of listener unidirectional naming and other two, who had joint bidirectional naming at the pre-test, also had incidental bidirectional naming. The results are discussed in the light of the current literature.