Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento - PPGTPC/NTPC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2332

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), iniciou suas atividades em 1987 com o curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento. O curso de Doutorado passou a ser oferecido a partir do ano 2000.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

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Convergências e/ou divergências no sistema de crenças e práticas parentais: comparação entre duas amostras amazônicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-12-11) BELTRÃO, Manuela Cavaleiro de Macêdo; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
The purpose of this research was to identify convergecies and divergencies in ethnotheories, socialization goals and parenting practices in two Amazonian ecological contexts, trying to analyze the relationship between biological and ecoculturals factors. Ninety nine mothers participated of the research: Fifty from Belém ( CEU – Urban context) and forty nine from Santa Barbara ( CENU – non urban context) . The mothers aged over 18 years with at least one child aged between 0 and 6 years. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires were applied for the data analysis were applied statistical criteria and theoretical support of Evolutionary Psychology. The data indicated that the communities studied in relation to sociodemographic data differ systematically from one another, depending on the levels of technological development and organizations of social context. The social world of children from CEU and CENU represent developmental contexts that offer different opportunities. The literature indicates that the established social exchanges between children and caregivers can reflect on the child's development in relation to the cognitive, emotional and social. The results indicate that mothers of CEU despite being more autonomous than those of CENU were relational too, showing that perhaps the changes that affect the context, occurring faster in urbanized environments. Moreover, the data seem to indicate that the contexts are transition from the interdependent model to an autonomousrelational model. However, it is noted that the ideas that mothers have about the importance of certain actions do not always reflect their practices. In relation to primary care mothers seem to appreciate and perform equally. Mothers of CENU value more than mothers of CEU the body contact. The results directed to body stimulation were very interesting, because the items that were more important and charged by CEU mothers were the same that were less important and charged by CENU mothers. With respect to object stimulation CEU mothers give more importance to the practices than carrying out the practices and vice versa happens in CENU. The mothers of CEU attributed greater importance to face face system. Our data suggest that mothers of both contexts are using distal and proximal parenting strategies at the same time, or want their children to become self-sufficient, but also want them to be respectful and obedient. Moreover, our findings confirm that four systems describe the interactional experiences of children and express the cultural emphasis of particular styles and combinations. There were no significant differences in beliefs and practices between CEU and CENU mothers, which led us to consider that parental beliefs, therefore adapt to context, varied less conspicuously in the selected cities than in other cities examined in other studies. Another issue found that was very interesting was about the CEU mothers’ educational level and the valorization of relational goals, because according literature, the educational level of mothers becomes an important variable in relation to socialization goals. CENU has shown a tendency to relational practices and relational goals. This context provides a way of life closer to the interdependence model, in which mothers tend to value the norms and rules determined by the family or group to which they belong. The hypothesis that practices and goals of CEU would be more independent could not be confirmed, so we realized that this context features both independent and interdependent models. It was assumed that CENU and CEU contexts are undergoing changes, since mothers may believe one thing and actually doing otherwise.
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Critérios utilizados na seleção de parceiras amorosas em relacionamentos de curto e longo prazo entre mulheres de orientação homossexual em idade reprodutiva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-11) CORRÊA, Hellen Vivianni Veloso; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
Different criteria used for partner choice among men and women have been identified. This difference probably stems from the different degrees of parental investment of each gender. Women seem to be predisposed to select partners with characteristics of emotional and material investment, as well as good indications of health. Men, on the other hand, may use the same criteria as women, however, they give more importance to physical appearance and youth. In short and long term relationships the literature indicates that there is a difference in the choices among women. In the first case they have demonstrated to prefer characteristics related to physical health compared to the second type of relationship, in which the emphasis has been focused on partners who are good at providing resources and who have high level of emotional investment. There are few studies that investigated the criteria that homosexual women use in their partner choice. Data from studies investigating the origin of homosexuality suggested the possibility of biological influences. In evolutionary terms, homosexuality could have evolved in part as a byproduct of pleasure evolution, typical from sexual activities. If this hypothesis is correct, the potential for developing a homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual orientation can be enhanced by characteristic environments of particular individuals. This assumption may suggest that the psychological mechanisms for mate choice are similar among women of different sexual orientations. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the preferences in partner choice of 100 women in reproductive period, from 18 to 40 years, who classified themselves as “exclusive homosexual” or “homosexual, and sometimes heterosexual.” For data collection we used two instruments, one for the selection of participants and another for data collection. The instrument of data collection was divided in: 1) Demographic Data, 2) Data from partners, 3) Criteria valued in choosing a partner, 4) Criteria valued in choosing a short and long term partner, 5) Variables related to sexual performance. Participants were contacted by the method a) “snow ball”, b) in bars attended by gay groups and c) in GLBT associations. We specifically investigated the variables involved in choosing short and long term partners and compared the results with data collected by Cruz (2009) with heterosexual women in reproductive period. The results indicated that there is greater preference for physical attributes in short-term relationships among both homosexual and heterosexual women. Attributes related to bonding were more demanded in long-term relationship; possibly because 75.6% of these women have an income and do not depend on their partners to survive, reducing the need for partners who invest in material resources. Homosexual women seem to have the same standards of partner choice as heterosexual ones do.
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Diferenças de gênero em crianças: uma comparação entre diferentes metodologias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-11) MENEZES, Aline Beckmann de Castro; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
There is an extended literature about sexual dimorphism in child behavior, including studies regarding atypical gender patterns or gender non-conformity. This study proposal was elaborated upon discussions about the relation between gender and homosexual behavior. However, it was noted the need to broaden the knowledge over child gender differences through different methodologies in the investigation of gender typical behavior and the influence of these differences upon children social relations. There were made three studies. In the first one, the methodologies of observation and interview were compared, in which it was verified that most playful behaviors occurred among children of the same sex and that some were more common for a specific gender. It was also observed that the contend of interviews were culturally influenced. In the second study two structured instruments were applied to measure gender, being found that there are some plays preferred by each sex and that the child usually identify itself and prefer to play with children of the same sex. In the third study the non-verbal behavior of mixed dyads was analyzed using three different protocols. The results indicated differences between sexes regarding behaviors but the communication effort and the rapport was similar. In general, it was found that there are many similarities in the general behavior between sexes, however in deeper analysis it is possible to identify specific patterns of each gender, especially regarding play styles and non-verbal behavior. Finally, the methods used have advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when choosing and combining methodologies for future researches.
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Fatores envolvidos na natureza e administração de redes sociais de estudantes universitários
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-09-11) SILVA JUNIOR, Mauro Dias; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
This research aimed to investigate human’s interpersonal relationships. Specifically, we tried to replicate partially Stiller & Dunbar’s (2007) work, using the same instrument with another sample, though. The main objective was verify whether the social networks were according to Social Brain Hypothesis, on which human beings are capable of keeping and administrating an optimal number of interpersonal relationships, around 150 average. We found a mean of 52,53 social contacts, lower than the predict value, spending about 25% of their time with them. There were significant correlations among social network size, frequency of contact, time spent in contact, emotional closeness, and genetic relatedness, in the general social network, in relatives’ networks, and friends’ networks. Despite of long distant communications availability, respondents preferred make face-to-face contact with their social network members. We discussed the results from the perspective of four non mutual exclusive hypotheses. In the other hand, secondary hypothesis were confirmed about social network composition, and about interactions of social network size, frequency of contact, time spent in contact, and emotional closeness. We suggest additional studies to investigate other variables that may increase the comprehension of social networks, and the differences found.
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Função sexual e níveis de testosterona em mulheres hetero e homossexuais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-07) SILVA, Caio Santos Alves da; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza
The evolutionary psychology has demonstrated that sex has functions beyond the reproduction having evolved for promoting the emotional proximity of the couple and increasing the degree of satisfaction with the partner. However, most studies have focused on explaining the sexuality of heterosexual couples, thus leaving a gap with regard about sexuality of homosexual women. Nowadays there are signs about differences in the quality of sex life of women heterosexual and homosexual, as well as it has been observed that homosexuals groups do not constitute a homogeneous entity, with differences in lifestyle, preferences, and hormone levels. This study aimed to investigate the quality of sexual life and differences in free testosterone levels in three groups of women: hetero, homosexuals femme and homosexuals butch using the instrument Female Sexual Function Index due to its ability to measure the domains of sexual function. Participated in this study 55 heterosexual women, 39 femme and 17 butch. As regards sexual practices, 64.7% of participants in the butch group would like to have five or more sexual intercourses per week, versus 46.2% in femme group and 34% in the hetero group, demonstrating that homosexual women have more sexual desire. Heterosexual women showed lower frequency of preliminary activities such “be masturbated by the partner”, where 35% practice more than once a month, while 59% of the femme groups and 41% of butch groups practice more than once a week. Similar results were found in “receiving oral sex from the partner”, where 41% of hetero reported practicing more than once a month, while 51% of femme and 35% of butch's practicing more than once a week. The FSFI score showed a significant difference between heterosexual women (28.44) and the femme (31.31) and butch groups (30.82). The analysis of the salivary testosterone showed that butch group has the highest concentration, reaching 99,2 pg/ml, followed by femme group, with 56.09 pg/ml and lastly the hetero with 43.3 pg/ml. Comparing the average testosterone there was a significant difference between the femme and butch groups (p <0.01) and between hetero and butch (p = 0.001). Among the hetero and femme groups there was no difference. Correlations were found between testosterone levels and domains of the FSFI. In the group heterosexual there was a correlation with the domain of satisfaction (r = 0.732, p = 0.01). No correlation was found in the femme group, in the butch group occurred a negative and strong correlation with the domain of lubrication (r = - 0.621, p = 0.41). The results show that homosexual women are less likely to have sexual dysfunction than heterossexual. Homosexual women invest more in behaviors generators of excitement and orgasms as kissing, fondling, genital stimulation and receptive oral sex compared to Hetero Couples. It is likely that investment in foreplay stimulation occurs because of a greater desire in homosexuals women to have emotional closeness to their partner, which may be different in a heterosexual relationship where the man possibly practice the relation prioritizing their own sexual satisfaction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Função sexual e relação conjugal em mulheres no puerpério remoto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-07) SILVA, Susanne Cristine Brito; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
The period after giving birth, also known as puerperium, is marked by a number of changes that may cause physical, emotional and social alterations, which can affect the woman‟s sexual need, their relationship with a partner and their mood. The objectives of this research were to check if a relation between sexual function and marital satisfaction existed, as well as to examine what other factors are related to sexual function and marital satisfaction. To achieve these objectives, 192 women on remote puerperium, aged from 18 to 43 years old responded to four evaluations: 1) Socioeconomic questionnaire; 2) Female Sexual Function Index; 3) Love Scale of Marriage and Relationship Questionnaire (MARQ); 4) Beck Depression Inventory. The results showed that 42.7% of the women presented values indicative of sexual dysfunction. The factors that contributed to the sexual dysfunction were breastfeeding and depressive symptoms. 70.4% of the participants were moderately satisfied with their relationship. Marital satisfaction was related with higher income and a higher level of education. A weak correlation was found between sexual function and marital satisfaction, indicating that the causes that contribute to the marital satisfaction may vary according with the stage of the relationship. When the couple has no child, the satisfaction is more focused in sexual pleasure, since reproduction is important to the perpetuation of the species. However, many studies have shown that after the birth of a child physiological changes occur, in both women and men, which causes sex to be less important and causes the couple to turn their attention to caring for their offspring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Interpersonal factors of human social networks
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-29) SILVA JÚNIOR, Mauro Dias; DUNBAR, Robin Ian MacDonald; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
According to the Social Brain Hypothesis (S.B. H.), social networks are a specific level of analysis of social behavior in which the individual on spot has a set of social contacts, with whom he/she interacts regularly and consistently, and with whom he/she exchanges personal information. Although, H.C.S. and other theoretical perspectives are engaged to investigate a similar set of variables on social networks, this similarity did not lead to a consensus on the definition of this term. Given this theoretical and methodological diversity, we conducted three studies in order to elucidate this phenomenon, since the available instruments can so far not be accurate enough to define it accurately. Thus, we discuss and propose that these variables can be understood as three types of interpersonal factors (factors of the Ego, the Alter, and Context). The presence/ absence of each of these categories produces a unique setting in social networks, which, however, it seems to have a common bias on the peculiar way humans to bond and establish interpersonal relationships. This underlying nature is considered human psychology, or the "Ego", an unconscious agent who actively choose their social contacts and decide how to invest his/her time and bonding. This "Ego" has a neural basis, particularly the neocortex, whose volume is correlated with the size of human and non-human social groups. We also examined how the "Ego" shows a distinct preference for maternal relatives over other types of relatives. This preference changes according to individuals’ lifespan, but on the other hand was less sensitive to cultural aspects. Finally, we found that the higher/lower frequency of relatives and friends in social networks depends on the order in which thexii section of each social group is presented in the questionnaires. Furthermore, the listing order in which participants described their social contacts depended on the emotional closeness to each social contact. We concluded that methodological decisions can affect the way we define the networks size and composition, and therefore, improvements are required to define the concept of social networks more accurately. The set of results was interpreted according to the S.B.H. and the Evolutionary Psychology, which both understand this psychological agent as a product of evolution, which interacts with the current environment, the features that were selected in the evolutionary past of our species.
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Qualidade da relação conjugal: uma avaliação dos casais residentes no Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-26) REBELLO, Keila do Socorro da Silva; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
We investigated perceptions of couples on their own marital relationships. According to Evolutionary Psychology, an evolutionary framework which supports this study, those perceptions are part of monitoring mechanisms of relationship satisfaction. Specifically, we aimed to investigate how couples hosted in the metropolitan region of Belém evaluate the quality of their current marital relationships, through the comparison between responses of each husband and wife. We used the MARQ questionnaire to assess their marital satisfaction, thus we found length of relationship was 12,62 years on average. Most couples were from middle class, 86% of them reported satisfaction in their relationships. Among the 12 scales of MARQ, scales of jealous, partnership, and love were more important for relationship satisfaction than others. When we analyzed participants’ responses divided by sex, both husbands and wives evaluated sexual jealous, reconcilement and problems with partner as the most important factor for their satisfaction with relationship. Between those who have satisfaction in their relationships, we were able to find homogamy in their age, income range, and level of education. Results found support Evolutionary Psychology hypothesis about the omnipresence of love and jealous as mechanisms of pair bonding since our ancestors and nowadays. Among Northern Brazilians couples, it seems the jealous mechanisms are underlying their mating behavior. The small differences on evaluation of relationships between sexes did not impacted significantly on the satisfaction of wives and husbands in their relationships.
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Relação entre ciúme romântico e satisfação conjugal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-28) CARDOSO, Vanessa Alcântara; BRITO, Regina Célia Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5576436464955236
In this study we aimed to measure the level of romantic jealousy of men and women who are in a loving relationship for at least 6 months, using the Scale of Romantic Jealousy - ECR as an instrument (Ramos , 2000). We also identified the perception of the satisfaction of the couple about their relationships according to Evolutionary Psychology, using the Questionnaire of Marriage and Relationship (MARQ) adapted by Russell and Wells (1993). We found that these variables have an important role in maintaining loving relationships by being major psychological mechanisms that evolved along the human phylogeny. The results showed that the degree of satisfaction of the sampled couples mainly fell into the “Satisfied Couples” and “Highly Satisfied” categories. We also found the five levels of romantic jealousy, the largest percentage concentrated in moderate level of jealousy. It was found that the variables are completely independent, refuting dropping claims that jealousy is bad for satisfaction in the relationship, and it contributes to the dissatisfaction of individuals in loving relationships. We can say only that it is one of the elements of the relationship necessary for the maintenance and custody of the partner, contributing to a union long enough to create offspring.

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