Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento - PPGTPC/NTPC
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2332
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), iniciou suas atividades em 1987 com o curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento. O curso de Doutorado passou a ser oferecido a partir do ano 2000.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ecologia e comportamento do Cuxiú-Preto (Chiropotes Satanas) na paisagem fragmentada da Amazônia Oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-06-13) VEIGA, Liza Maria; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352Bearded sakis are frugivores specialised for seed predation. The black bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas) is endemic to a densely populated and deforested area in eastern Amazonia in Brazil and is threatened with extinction. The principal objective of this study was to research the behaviour and ecology of two groups of black bearded sakis living under different degrees of habitat fragmentation, to understand how ecological parameters in these different settings influence behavioural strategies. In addition, the study aimed to identify factors that may limit the long-term viability of the black bearded saki and identify information that may contribute to conservation and management plans. The study took place on the right bank of the Tocantins River in the Tucuruí Reservoir, Pará State, Brazil (415'S, 4931'W). Two groups of bearded sakis were studied: one (denominated T4) in a large mainland fragment (1,300 ha - 39 members), and one on a small (19.4 ha - eight members) forested island. Twelve months behavioural sampling (1,153 observation hours) was undertaken using both scan and behaviour-sampling methodologies for 4 to 5 consecutive days per month per group. In addition to collecting activity budget data, all food resources were documented, daily routes plotted and intraspecies and interspecies social interactions recorded. Botanical transects (10 x 100 ha) covering one hectare at the T4 site and 0.5 hectare on the island were established, and a subsample of trees (≥ DAP 10cm) and lianas (≥ DAP 5 cm) marked and measured for a floristic inventory and phenological data collection which took place at 30-day intervals over 14 months. The two groups differed in all aspects of their behaviour and ecology. Time spent in different activities varied significantly between the groups. Moving (35.4%) comprised the largest proportion of annual budget in the T4 group, while the Island group devoted more time to feeding (30.0%). Social interactions accounted for a relatively large proportion of activity budget for both groups (T4 8.5%; Island 15.2%). Over the study, the two groups consumed a large number of different plant species (T4 173; Island 132; both groups 240) and their diets varied significantly in terms of items consumed and taxonomic composition. Both groups spent most of their time consuming seeds (T4 54.0%; Island 59.9%), however other items, including fruit pulp (T4 25.0%; Island 13.7%), flowers (T4 12.3%; Island 17.4%) and to a lesser extent pith and arthropods were also included in their diets. Members of the T4 group used an area of 98.6 ha and the island group, 17.2 ha. Use of space and daily path length (T4 4025 m 994 m; Island 2807 m 289 m) varied between groups and was linked in T4 group to the variation in group size throughout the year as a result of their complex fission-fusion sociality, the island group on the other hand was more cohesive. Variations in ecology and behaviour of the two groups were linked to differences in their respective habitats. The size of the sites was important but so too was the variation in the availability of food. Results from the floristic inventory revealed a greater diversity of different species on the T4 site, however important food species were either missing or available in varying amounts at both site. In addition to the intrinsic value of the knowledge of ecological characteristics of the bearded saki the detailed knowledge accumulated this study will help in the formulation of conservation action and management plans and in the identification of the factors which limit the long term viability of remaining populations in the fragmented landscapes of eastern Amazonia.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Propondo um problema de forrageio como meio de enriquecer o cativeiro: um estudo comparativo de duas espécies de primatas brasileiros (Callithrix penicillata e Saguinus imperator)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-10-17) CASTRO, Paulo Henrique Gomes de; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352This study analysed the influence of a simple insect foraging puzzle on the behaviour of two callitrichine species (Callitrichinae, Primates) maintained in captivity at the National Primate Centre (CENP), in Ananindeua, in the Brazilian state of Para. In addition to comparing the two species, the study aimed to evaluate the viability of the puzzle as a strategy of environmental enrichment for these primates in captivity. Three adult pairs of each species – the pencil-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) and the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) – were included in the study, which also focussed differences between genders. Observations were conducted through the video-taping of three-hour sessions, divided into control (puzzle absent) and experimental (puzzle present) periods, with a total of 36 hours of observation for each pair. Control sessions were used to calculate baseline activity budgets for comparisons with behaviour patterns during experimental sessions. Tapes were transcripted, and all behaviour events were timed, providing measures of both the frequency and duration of events. The puzzle did not have a major effect on general activity budgets, but its effect was clearly different in each species, with manipulation of the puzzle accounting for 3.96% of the time of the marmosets, but only 1.99% of that of the tamarins. During experimental sessions, the marmosets spent 17% less time at rest in comparison with their baseline budget, whereas rest was reduced by less than 7% in the tamarins, with general activity increasing 10%. These changes varied considerably when comparing genders, however – male tamarins presented a 58% increase in general activity and a 23% reduction in rest, whereas these values were 4% and 10%, respectively, in male marmosets. Female tamarins presented an opposite pattern, with rest increasing 18% and general activity falling 14%, while female marmosets had a reduction in both categories by a little less than ten percent. All the animals learned to manipulate the puzzle and capture insects, although the marmosets were far more persistent, capturing 54% more insects, on average, than the tamarins. Females were more successful in both species, but only marginally so in the marmosets. In the tamarins, by contrast, females were 16% more successful than males. Overall, the puzzle proved to be efficient as a means of enriching the captive environment of both species, by stimulating manipulative behaviour and reducing inactivity.