Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento - PPGTPC/NTPC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2332

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento (PPGTPC), que integra o Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento(NTPC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), iniciou suas atividades em 1987 com o curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento. O curso de Doutorado passou a ser oferecido a partir do ano 2000.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emergência da leitura de palavras de inglês com recombinação de onset e rime em braille e alfabeto romano em relevo para cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-16) AGUILAR, Fábio; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Based on the equivalence paradigm, research on recombinative reading has evidenced that pardal syllabic control makes reading emergency difficult, and the need for control for all the word syllables in order to promote generalized reading. Recent research has shown the explicit teaching of discrimination of teaching syllables promotes recombinative reading and new recombined syllables. It also promptly promotes text reading with understanding of words formed by these syllables. In these studies, partia.' control is not established and recombinative reading emergency is promptly promoted. Teaching of new words through recombination of words by onset and rime segmentation has been showed as a facilitator element when the English language is taught as a mother tongue. By using the Braille system and Roman alphabet in raised letters to the blind people, it was investigated if using word discrimination with onset/rime segmentation it will facilitate the reading of new words in English as a second language. Three persons with visual impairment and fluent in Braille participated in the study. The study was divided in three parts. On Phase I a pre-test was given, conditional discrimination teaching of single words and the text reading test of teaching and recombined single words under two conditions, in Braille and in Roman alphabet in raised letters. On Phase II a test of word tpyt reading was applied, teci and teaching of AB relations (dictated words — objects), AC relation test (dictated word —printed words), BC (objects printed words) and CB (printed words objects) with single and composite words and a dictated test and copy. Phase III was identical to Phase II, replacing the single words by composite words. The emergence of new reading simple words and typeset in a combined English and printed in Braille on the Roman alphabet in relief occurred promptly in blind subjects. In testing the relationships emerging and copy test and dictation readily achieved all the criteria of success. The results confirm the efficiency of the procedure used in the emergence of rcading Singlc wutt15, wmpuunds and recombined in tnglish atter teaching conditional discrimination segmentation using onset / rime in the blind. The stimulus equivalence procedures to promote the emergence of reading with comprehension of words composed in combined and recombined in blind people. These results indicate that the procedure was effective teaching-learning can be characterized as errorless-learning. The results show the need to generate new teaching procedures more economical and efficient like alternative to the inclusion occuring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emergência de leitura recombinativa de frases em crianças de escolas públicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-05) VALE, Juliana Baía do; BAPTISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
One of the main complaints in the academy concerns reading comprehension difficulty presented by a large segment of Brazilian students, at the various learning levels. Equivalence paradigm has contributed for the understanding of the behavior processes involved in the acquisition and understanding of the texts reading repertoires. This study, through systematic replication, aimed to: 1) verify the outcome of syllable discrimination teaching in textual reading emergency of words and teaching and recombined phrases; 2) investigate the effect of a teaching procedure of discrimination of dictated and printed words (AC) in reading emergency with understanding of words and teaching and recombined phrases; 3) program a teaching procedure capable of producing few or no mistakes at all; 4) improve the procedures used by previous studies, making them more efficient and economical with less performance variability among the participants. The stimuli were auditive, visual, and auditive - visuals (syllables, words, and spoken and printed phrases, as well as printed pictures). Conditional discrimination teaching was done between words/ spoken phrases and pictures (AB Relation) syllables/ words/ spoken phrases and printed stimuli AC relation). Six experimental phases were programmed. The reading unit was gradually expanded during the phases, and by Phase V they were composed of demonstrative pronouns, concrete nouns, adjectives and intransitive verbs. All participants showed textual reading of simple and complex syllables and immediate emergency with understanding of the teaching words. Most participants promptly showed the textual reading of the words. All participants, but for one, showed emergency of textual reading of all phrases with four words. Most participants promptly showed reading with understanding of words and phrases. On Phase III, most participants showed reading of phrases with two words during the first exposition, and one female participant read correctly in the second exposition. On Phase IV, five participants showed textual reading of phrases with three words during the first exposition while a female participant after the reading emergency with understanding. In the repertoire maintenance test, most participants read all study words and phrases, except for two participants during the reading of phrases with two and three words. The performance of the participants occurred during the reading of phrases with four words. These results indicate that if the discrimination between syllables were taught directly, recombinative generalized reading emergency of words and up to four components phrases will occur without establishing the partial control, meanwhile special learning procedures will not be felt necessary.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de discriminações de palavras com Onset/Rime e a emergência da leitura recombinativa em inglês da simbologia braille e do alfabeto romano em relevo em cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-31) LEITÃO, Graça Maria Evangelista; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Recent studies have documented that the explicit teaching of discrimination of syllables promotes the emergence of reading of syllables of teaching and syllables with recombination of the letters of the syllables of teaching. It also readily promotes the reading of words formed by the syllables of teaching and recombined. Studies have shown the reading of new words with recombination of onset and rime as facilitator factor when the English language is taught as mother tongue. The learning of English by blind people have been documented as a factor of inclusion. This study investigated whether the teaching of discrimination of words with segmentation onset/rime facilitates the reading of new words in English, as foreign language, using Braille symbols and the Roman alphabet in raised letters. Three blind women, fluent Braille readers, participated. The study comprised three stages. Stage Ia (auditory/Braille), Stage Ib (Braille/Roman alphabet in raised letters) and Stage Ic (auditory/Roman alphabet in raised letters). In Stage I the participants were exposed to a pretest, teaching of conditional discrimination and textual reading test of training and generalization words. In Stage Ic it was applied a test of conditional discrimination. In Stages II and III were applied tests of textual reading of recombined simple (Stage II) and compound (Stage III) words and naming of objects. It was tested the relations between spoken words and objects (AB), spoken words and printed words (AC), objects and printed words (BC) and printed words and objects (CB) which documented the comprehension reading of the words in Braille and Roman alphabet in raised letters, and the emergence of copy and dictation. The three participants reached the criterion in all phases of all stages. The results showed that the teaching of discrimination of words with segmentation onset/rime facilitated the emergence of recombinative reading in English, as foreign language, with blind speakers of Portuguese, using Braille and Roman alphabet in raised letters, it also showed the emergence of reading with comprehension with the equivalence of stimuli procedure. These results indicate that new technologies for teaching, that enable greater inclusion of blind people in community, can be generated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de discriminações de sílabas e a emergência da leitura recombinativa em crianças pré-escolares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-11-21) BARROS, Samuel do Nascimento; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Some studies have demonstrated that the teaching of reading of words formed by recombined syllables, without special procedures, establishes partial control by syllables, what makes the generalized reading more difficult. A reversion of this control has been promoted by special procedures of teaching or after a long teaching program exposition. The explicit teaching of discrimination of syllables can readily promote the recombinative reading without establishing the partial control of one of its units (letters).The present study investigated the effect of the teaching of conditional discriminations among syllables in the emergence of the oral reading of those syllables and the new ones recombined by the letters of the teaching syllables, avoiding the establishment of the restricted control. It also verified the emergence of the textual and comprehensive reading of meaningful and invented words formed by the teaching and recombined syllables. Besides, it also verified the emergency of copy and dictation task performanaces. Five pre-school children participated of the study that was divided into three Stages. In Stage I, the syllables NO, BO, NA, DO, NE and TO were taught through a matching-to-sample procedure, then these taught syllables and the recombined syllables BA, BE, DA, DE, TA and TE were tested. In Stage II, it was verified the textual and comprehensive reading of the meaningful words DADO, DEDO, BEBÊ, BOBO, BOTO, BATA, BOTA e BOTE. In Stage III, it was verified the textual and comprehensive reading of the invented words NEBA, NODE, TADO and DABO. All the participants named the taught and recombined syllables. The five participants readily presented the comprehensive reading of all the meaningful and invented words, documented through the equivalence relations between pictures and printed words (BC) and printed words and picture (CB). In Stage II, all the participants demonstrated the immediate emergence of the textual reading of all the meaningful words before the comprehensive reading of them. In Stage III, four participants demonstrated the immediate emergency of the textual reading of all invented words before the comprehensive reading, one participant demonstrated after that emergency. The emergency of copy and dictation task performance occurred immediately for all the participants. After the reading of the taught and recombined syllables in Stage I, the reading of all the meaningful words (Stage II) and invented words (Stage III) occurred and the copy and dictation performances. The restricted control, that has been related in some studies, was not established in this present study. The recombinative reading occurred without applying the special procedures. These results indicate that if the discriminations among syllables are taught directly, the emergence of the recombinative generalized reading will occur without the establishment of the restricted control and without the application of teaching special procedures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ensino de discriminações de sílabas e emergência da leitura recombinativa em crianças com dificuldades em leitura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-08) SAITO, Erick Kazuyoshi Noborikawa; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Reading is one of the social and communication skills that is widely required in a social environment, but often the efficient teaching of reading does not occur, creating other problems in the school and family environment of children. Several studies have been done with the discriminative teaching of syllables, units smaller than the word, to promote reading, and in these studies the results document the emergence of recombinative and understanding reading. This proposed study investigated whether applying the methodology of teaching conditional discrimination could emerge oral naming, copy and dictation, textual reading withx understanding and the construction of new words in three children from the 1st and 2nd year of elementary school with difficulties in reading. In Stage I, the teaching and testing phases of the teaching syllables (no, bo, na, do, ne, to, la and pe) and the recombined (ba, be, da, de, ta,te, lo) phases were carried out , le, pa and po), in Stage II the tests of word naming, textual reading and with understanding and construction of new words with the syllables previously used in Step I were carried out. The results document that there was the emergence of textual reading and with understanding, in which all participants met the criteria for correct answers required in each type of phase (teaching and testing), being able to affirm the efficiency of the teaching method used for recombinative reading, and the insertion of the new phase of word construction contributed methodologically for this line of research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Leitura recombinativa de palavras de inglês com onset e rime em braille e alfabeto romano em relevo por cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-09-10) FEITOSA, Maria de Belém Rolla Bôas; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Studies have documented that the explicit teaching of discrimination of syllables promotes the emergence of reading of taught syllables, syllables with recombination of the letters of the taught syllables and the reading of words formed by taught and recombined syllables. Research on recombinative reading in English has demonstrated the emergence of reading of new words formed by the recombination of onset e rime. The present study investigated if the teaching of reading monosyllabic words formed by recombination among onset and rime promote reading of new English words in Braille code and Roman alphabet in raised letters to blind people. Three blind adults participated in the study that was divided in three stages. In Stage I, the participants were exposed to a pretest, three sequences of gradual teaching units of conditional discrimination interspersed with textual reading tests of training and generalization words. In Stage Ic it was applied a test of conditional discrimination among words printed in braille and words in Roman alphabet printed in raised letters. In Stages II and III, tests of textual reading of simple generalization words (Stage II) and compound words (Stage III) and the naming of objects were applied. After that, the relations AB (spoken words – objects), AC, AD (spoken words – printed words), BC, BD (objects – printed words) e CB, DB (printed words – objects) were tested. These relations have documented reading comprehension. After the equivalence tests, it was also verified the emergency of performance in copy and dictation. The words were printed in braille in Stages Ia, IIa e IIIa. The words in Roman alphabet were printed in raised letters in Stages Ib, IIb, and IIIb. All participants reached immediately the criterion in all or in most stages of teaching and test. All participants have presented both textual reading and reading comprehension of simple generalization words and compound words, printed in braille and Roman alphabet in raised letters. The results showed the emergence of recombinative reading after the teaching of conditional discrimination of monossilabic words formed by onset and rime.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A recombinação de letras no ensino e emergência da leitura generalizada recombinativa em crianças da pré-escola
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-01-10) MAUÉS, Alfredo de Souza; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Some studies have demonstrated the reading of words formed by recombined syllables in pre-school children. However, the restricted control through syllables has occurred in those studies, making the generalized reading more difficult. The present study investigated the effect of the teaching of conditional discriminations among syllables in the emergence of the textual reading of those syllables and the new ones recombined by the letters of the teaching syllables, avoiding the establishment of the restricted control. It also verified the emergence of the textual and comprehensive reading of meaningful and meaningless words formed by the teaching and recombined syllables. Five pre-school children participated of the study that was divided in three Stages. In Stage I, the syllables NO, BO, NA, DO and NE were taught through a matching-to-sample procedure, and the recombined syllables BA, DA, DE and BE were tested. In Stage II, it was verified the textual and comprehensive reading of the meaningful words DADO, DEDO, BEBÊ and BOBO. In Stage III, it was verified the textual and comprehensive reading of the meaningless words NEBA, NODE, BEDO and DABO. All the participants presented the emergence of the textual reading of the taught and recombined syllables. The five participants readily presented the comprehensive reading of all the meaningful and meaningless words, documented through the equivalence relations between pictures and written words and spoken words. In Stage II, four participants demonstrated the immediate emergence of the textual reading of all the meaningful words before the comprehensive reading of them, and one participant demonstrated it after the emergence. After the reading of the taught and recombined syllables in Stage I, the reading of all the meaningful words (Stage II) and meaningless words (Stage III) occurred. The restricted control, that has been related in some studies, was not established in this present study. The recombinative reading occurred without applying the special procedures. These results indicate that if the discriminations among syllables are taught directly, the emergence of the recombinative generalized reading will occur without the establishment of the restricted control and without the application of teaching special procedures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Relações de controle modelo-comparação e equivalência de estímulos em arranjo multinodal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) PEREIRA, Maria Eline Ferreira; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
The formation of equivalence classes seems to occur when consistent control by sample-S+ (selection) relations or simultaneous control by both (sample-S+ and sample- S-) types of controlling relations is ensured. Sample-S- controlling relations seems to prevent the emergence of stimulus equivalence. The goal of the present study was to verify the effects of programmed procedures for prompting strict control by rejection (sample-S-) and by selection (sample-S+), or both (sample-S+ and sample-S-) types of controlling relations. The study also aimed the identification of the kind of controlling relation established during training. The participants in Experiment 1 were five students of the first year of high school. Three sets of visual stimuli were used in the prompt training for the three kinds of controlling relations (sample-S+, sample-S-, and both). Responses were made using the mouse. In the initials trials of all conditional discrimination training sessions, a verbal prompt indicated which picture should – or should not – de selected. Throughout the prompt training for sample-S- as well as for sample-S+ controlling relations, either the correct or the incorrect comparison stimulus were replaced by a mask, depending on the case. In the prompting training for both controlling relations, both mask/S- and S+/mask trials types were randomly presented. All participants were exposed to the training of conditional discriminations EF, DE, CD, BC and AB, via matching-to-sample procedure, including the training of the three controlling relations types. After training, probe trials for equivalence (FA, EA. DA, CA, FB, FC, FD and FA) and controlling relations were conducted. Different sequences of prompting training sessions for the three types of controlling relations were presented to each pair of participants. The blank comparison and the novel stimulus tests were adopted for the evaluation of the kind of controlling relation established during training. The participants did not demonstrate equivalence class formation, regardless of the controlling relation established in training. In the blank comparison test after prompting training for the sample-S+ controlling relation, the controlling relations probe showed inconsistent performances for all participants. After the prompt training for the sample- S- relations, the probes indicated the establishment of sample-S+ relations between the sample stimulus and the mask. In the novel stimulus test, the probes showed inconsistent performances for most participants. The results suggest that the programmed training did not prompt the predicted controlling relations. Instead, it developed mixed, inconsistent relations, which seem to have precluded the formation of equivalence classes. The objective of Experiment 2 was to verify the effect of prompt training for the three types of controlling relations on the equivalence class formation. Six participants were exposed to a trial-and-error procedure. The verbal prompt was removed and a trialand- error pre training present the mask replacing the stimuli was implemented to teach conditional discriminations. The remaining conditions of Experiment 1 were maintained. Two participants readily demonstrated equivalence class formation in the condition programmed to develop sample-S+/ sample-S- controlling relations, one of which also demonstrated these emergent performances in the sample-S+ condition. In the blank comparison probes for the sample-S+/ sample-S- condition, all participants selected S+. In the sample-S- condition, 3 participants always selected the mask, indicating the development of sample-S+ control between the sample stimulus and the mask. In the sample-S+ condition, one participant only selected S+, two responded mostly on S+ or S-, and the remaining showed inconsistent responding. In the novel stimulus test for the sample-S+/ sample-S- condition, the two participants who had demonstrated classes equivalence formation responded consistently. In the probes to assess control by selection for the sample-S+ condition, four participants selected only the correct stimulus, and the others responded inconsistently. When control by rejection was assessed, the responses were made mostly on S- and the blank comparison. Only one participants selected the novel stimulus. The results suggest that prompting training for sample-S+ and sample-S+/ sample-S- controlling relations facilitates the formation of equivalence classes, and that the prompt training for sample-S- control prevents equivalence class formation.

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