BDTD - Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2289

Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPA (BDTD). Sistema Eletrônico de Teses e Dissertações (TEDE). Projeto BDTD/UFPA e Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A composição de Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) coprófagos na região de Alter do Chão, Pará: a influência dos biomas Amazônia e cerrado e da sazonalidade e os efeitos de tamanho de área, isolamento e proximidade de estradas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-05-22) TEIXEIRA, Frederico Machado; VALENTE, Roberta de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9638288458835324; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
This work had as objective to investigate the effect of the size of the forest islands, of its distances for the continuous forest (isolation) and for the adjacent roads on the coprófagos community of Scarabaeidae. Samples had been collected in 24 islands of semideciduous forest, between 0,5 and 360 ha, in an Amazonian savanna matrix and eight places in predominantly secondary, semideciduous continuous forest, in the region of Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará. The Scarabaeidae had been collected with pitfall traps with bait (human dung) in two seasonal periods (dries and rain). For each point of collection 10 traps had been installed in two 250 m transects, distant 100 m between itself. 5 traps in each transect that had been placed 50 m apart. For each place of collect was registered the DAP (Height Brest Tree Diameter), of all trees with equal or superior diameter of the 5 cm, in four 250 transectos of 2 x m, being these used data to derive the indices from the structure of the vegetation (average diameter and number of individuals). The area, perimeter and the distances of the islands for the continue forest had been calculated using respectively the extensions "X-Tools" and "Nearest Features v3.6d" for ArcView, on the map of the area digitalized from an image of Landsat TM of 1996. The collected units had been identified with the aid of specialized bibliography and specialists. For the characterization of the fauna, the joined species had been compared with a list of species generated from publications for the Cerado, Amazonia and Brazilian ecotone (cerrado-floresta). To evaluate the robustness of the sampling, curves of rarefação had been used and gotten estimates of wealth using itself diverse estimators. For the analysis of the standards of the communities, an analysis HNMDS (Semi-strong Hibrid Multidimensional Scaling) using itself in the distance of Bray-Curtis was used. 18 pertaining sorts and 36 species to biomas of the Cerrado and Amazonia had been found, but was not possible to have a complete notion of the parcel of each biome represented in this ecotone of transition savanna-forest, once that the samples had not been enough for the exhausting survey of the wealth of Scarabaeidae. The ordinance showed a trend of grouping of the continuous forests and separation of these of the forest islands. Although the survey to have registered a bigger number of species in the forest islands that in the areas of continuous forest, the communities had presented a strong hierarchic standard [ P (T< 14,87°)<0,001 ], indicating that in the islands they are persisting only one parcel of the total of species of the region. A relation was not found enters the composition of Scarabaeidae and the size and the form of the forest islands. But a significant relation between the composition (axle 1) and the isolation (F=5,363, P=0,031) and the composition (axle 1) and the number of trees was found (DAP > 5 cm) (F=6,103, P=0,012, corrected for Bonferroni). The number of trees of each place of sampling was related with the proximity of roads (0,658), what it strengthens the idea of that the roads are contributing for changes in the structure of the vegetation, that in turn has a effect on the fauna of Scarabaeidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunidades macrobentônicas da Reserva Biológica do Lago Piratuba (Amapá – Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) ALMEIDA, Mayk Ferreira de; ROSA FILHO, José Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223362071251898; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
The structure of the macrobenthic communities was characterized in different climatic periods and areas of the Reserva Biológica do Lago Piratuba (Amapá-Brazil). The samplings occurred on June and November of 2005 (Meridional belt lake - lakes Comprido de cima, Bacia, Lodão, Grande, Comprido de Baixo, Canal Tobaco and estuary of the river Araguari) and of 2006 (eastern belt lake - lakes Piratuba, Jussara, Escara, Trindade, Maresia, Boiado and the Duarte stream and seven places in the coast (areas vegetated and not vegetated). At each site four samples had been collected, with a corer (0.0079 m2) buried 20 cm in the sediment. After collection samples were passed in a 0.3 mm mesh and the retained organisms were fixed in formalin 5%. The structure of the communities varied seasonally, with severe modifications in density, specific composition, richness, eveness and diversity among sampling occasions and environments (lakes/coast). A total of 54 taxa had been identified belonging to phyla: Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca and Nemertea. In the rainy seasonal it was recorded 36 taxa, and in the dry seasonal 42 taxa were recorded. Annelida was the most abundant taxon, representing always more than 48% of total organisms. In the lakes Insecta larvae, Mollusca and Oligochaeta were the dominant taxa. In the coast, Polychaeta and Crustacea were dominant. It was recorded 32 taxa in the lakes and mean density of 667 ind.m-2. In the coast 34 taxa were recorded and 1353 ind.m-2. The coastal non-vegetated area was richer and denser and showed the higher eveness. Benthic fauna from the Meridional belt lake and the Eastern belt lake behavioured distinctively among seasons. Three sub-environments had been identified based on the benthic fauna: freshwater environment - majority of the lakes of the Eastern belt, dominated by insects; transition environment (freshwater/coast) with mixed fauna (Polychaeta and Insecta); and coastal environment, with Polychaeta and Crustacea. The environmental characteristics best correlated with spatialtemporal changes in the benthic communities structure were water pH, electric conductivity and turbidity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consistência e uso das informações sobre ameaça no processo participativo de indicação de áreas prioritárias para a conservação da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-27) CASTRO, Rodrigo Baia; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
Despite academic progress, planning for conservation has failed in performing actions that prioritize biodiversity conservation. New strategies have been proposed to increase the effectiveness of conservation plans, including the realization of decision-making processes with broad participation, facilitate social acceptance of the shares. This article analyzes how information about the threats were used in the decision-making for indicating priority areas for the conservation of the Amazon, in the coordination of the Brazilian Government in 2006 process. First we verified the consistency of information on threats attributed to new areas indicated, and then assess whether the existence, levels and types of threats defined by the participants influenced the indication areas for conservation. The results show that there have been some successes in recognition of threats, but also some inconsistencies, especially in assigned levels and types of low intensity threats such as fishing. The decision making process is also not fully used this information for the indication of areas for conservation. The lack of information about the motivations of these inconsistencies leave no doubt as to the presence of political opportunism, but point out that the participatory process should be allocated a larger effort to combine the participatory decision support systems process in order to generate a priority order more quantitative and less dependent on the individual selection of the participants, to reflect more directly to actual emergency deployment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição e abundância de médios e grandes mamíferos na Amazônia central
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) RAVETTA, André Luís; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
Medium and large mammals are an important protein source for many human populations, and, depending on the species, their populations may suffer reductions related to hunting and consumption, habitat degradation or both. The distribution and abundance of these animals can vary with the quality and quantity of the surrounding forests (influence of natural and human factors). The study of this variation may help define public policies for the management and conservation of species and to analyze the effectiveness of protected areas. This study aimed at improving the knowledge of the medium and large mammal distribution patterns in order to evaluate a public policy for the western part of the Para State, which was the implementation of Sustainable Forest District of BR-163. In a study case, the geographical distribution of a species of primate, the white marmoset (Mico leucippe) was expanded based on new records for the region. The Maximum Entropy algorithm was used to predict the potential distribution of species based on its potential ecological niche and assist in defining the geographical boundaries for future surveys. The result of this study served as a parameter for reviewing the conservation status of the species, which had its status changed to the category of "Least Concern" in the national and the IUCN Red lists. In the second part of the study population surveys were conducted to identify the factors influencing the pattern of distribution and abundance of medium and large mammals. For this purpose, densities of species were estimated based on linear transects surveys and analyses of the relation between the density distribution and environmental variables, such as temperature, rainfall and altitude, and anthropogenic variables, as a percentage of deforestation, distance to cities and towns, and distance to roads. There was low variation in species abundance along the DFS of the BR-163, and variation in responses depending on the species, but in general there was influence of rainfall (average annual rainfall and rainfall in the dry season) and anthropogenic factors (proximity roads) on density variation. Increment in the sampling 11 effort was analyzed for the most abundant species and has led to increased precision in the density estimation but did not indicate substantial change in the estimate. The relationships found were not strong enough to allow a generalization about the area, but the results establish a parameter for future comparisons, given the good condition of the sampled areas. This was the first study of mammals in the region for that scale, which matched an actual public policy for the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito de bacias e de variáveis ambientais na estrutura de comunidades de peixes de igarapés na região do interflúvio Madeira-Purus
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) BARROS, Daniela de França; ZUANON, Jansen Alfredo Sampaio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0161925591909696; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
The main objective of this study was to investigate the richness and composition of the fish fauna in headwaters of streams in the Madeira-Purus interfluvial region, and if they are related to environmental variables and / or watersheds. Data was collected along two field campaigns, lasting approximately 20 days each, between the months of April and July 2007. A total of 22 streams were sampled, belonging to five different watersheds. Fish were captured with hand nets and small seine nets. Information on the structural characteristics of the streams and physical-chemical of water was also obtained. A total of 5509 fish were captured, belonging to 86 species, 22 families and six orders. Characiformes was the most diversified taxonomic group, followed by Gymnotiformes and Siluriformes. The species composition was influenced mostly by the width and depth of the channel, discharge and substrate. The presence of different environments around creeks has also contributed to the differences in fish species composition. The watersheds had strong effect on communities of fish. However, the results cannot allow to assert with certainty if differences in fish composition among watersheds are reflecting historical effects or environmental conditions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do tamanho da área florestada, grau de isolamento e distância de estradas na estruturação de comunidades de aranhas em Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-10-24) SILVA, Bruno José Ferreira da; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
As forest destruction and fragmentation advance throughout the Brazilian Amazon, it has become important to determine how these processes affect the fauna in various vegetation types in order to predict impacts and the conservation value of habitat fragments for different animal taxa. Invertebrates are useful bio-indicators because of their adaptive and dispersal potential and intimate connections with the environment. The use of spiders to evaluate forest fragmentation is recent and only slightly employed, although the group is mega-diverse and biologically tied to environmental composition and structure. This study used spiders to evaluate the effects of forest fragment size, degree of isolation, and distance to roads in 15 forest islands in a savanna matrix and 6 areas of continuous forest, in Alter do Chão district, Santarém municipality, Pará state, Brazil. Capture of spiders involved 252 man-hours of effort with an entomological umbrella and manual nocturnal collections. Transects of 250 m were collected three times, and the summed results of each transect comprised a sample unit. In total, 7751 spiders were captured, including 5477 immature and 2274 adult specimens in 306 species belonging to 32 families. Spider community characteristics, analyzed by MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) with Bray-Curtis distance, showed separation between continuous forest and forest fragment habitats. For species with more than 10 individuals in the collections, an analysis was made of the response to the first dimension of ordination, and a direct ordination was made using characteristics of each collection area (distance from the forest island to continuous forest, area of forest fragment, and form index of the forest island). GLM analysis, used to evaluate the effects of environmental degradation, showed significant differences for number of trees in each forest fragment and for distance to roads: forest fragmentation was significant to spider communities only in terms of size of forest fragment (on axis 1 of the MDS). An ANOVA used to compare species richness showed greater richness in continuous forest, differing from the result of rarefaction curves that predict slightly higher species richness in forest islands. The hierarchical standard of the spider community was obtained with the Nestedness Temperature Calculator Program–Nestcalc.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo sobre a distribuição da malária no Pará e sua correlação com fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) FERNANDES, Willian Ricardo da Silva; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
The malaria is a parasitic disease caused by Protozoa of genus Plasmodium that completes its complex cycle of development alternating between human hosts and mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. In the world-wide context, it constitutes a serious problem of public health that mainly affects the developing countries of tropical and subtropical climate. In Brazil, one gives credit that 99.5% of the registered cases of malaria meet in the Legal Amazonian. Much of the success of this complaint in this region must it biological and environmental factors that favor levels high of vectors, beyond social factors that compromise the efforts to control the disease. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the profile epidemiologist of the malaria in Pará, during a historical series (1999 - 2003), analyzing the influence of environmental and socioeconomic variable on the prevalence of the cases. For such the annual parasitic indices (IPA) of each city had been calculated and, through a SIG, these data they had been georreferencied and studied of temporal and spatial form. Data on the deforestation in the State had been analyzed, through a regression for permutation, to try to explain the temporal variation of the malaria. For the spatial study (multiple regression) the influence of the variable: temperature, rainfall, altitude, education, longevity and income; was tested on the prevalence of the malaria. In the secular study the malaria presented a decreasing trend in the State, however, only 31 cities had presented the same trend, did not have increasing trend, the 112 remaining cities had presented steady trend. Moreover, many cities had alternated increase and reduction of the cases throughout the series, having indicated a good action of control, but a weak performance of the monitoring. In this context the deforestation seems to influence the secular series of the malaria, was gotten resulted significant in two (2001 and 2002) of the three studied years. In the space study the adopted final model, although a low clarifying power (R²=0.31), presented three significant variable: number of dry months, income and education. However, the result of the two first ones is not presented of a direct form, being reflected of other activities. Although the scale adopted and of problems in the aggregation of the data (they are only available for city), this work presents resulted excellent that can assist the managers of the health (or endemic diseases) to direct action of control for the pointed areas as critical, acting in the factors of bigger significance, thus getting better exploitation of available the human resources and material.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação na detectabilidade e padrões de ocupação de anuros na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-04) BENÍCIO, Ronildo Alves; PIRES, Teresa Cristina Ávila; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
Difficulty in finding strong distribution patterns in studies with frogs is frequent. However, we do not know how much of the difficulty in detecting patterns are related to the low influence of environmental variation in the distribution of the animals or to the sampling process itself. To minimize this problem, the sampling was based on the proposal form in occupation of studies, including repeated survey to each of the sampling occasions. This sample design allows to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the distribution patterns of frogs taking into account the influence of the detectability of species on these patterns. Our hypothesis is that there is variation in the probability of detection among frogs species, and at different times for the same species, and that this variation may be important in models of occupancy of these species. We tested eight models for the 10 most abundant species and assess their fit to the data using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the weight of the Akaike (AICwgt). For all species, among the models that best fit the data its is included one that is likely to occupation influenced by the distance of the stream (variable “Dist”) and whose probability of detection varies between surveys (variable "Survey"). Of the 10 species analyzed eight included the variable "Survey" between the three models of best fit. In addition, the probability of detection also varied among species, indicating that it is important that these variations in detection are considered when interpreting the occupancy patterns of species. This is the first work in Brazil, which analyzes the frogs distribution patterns taking into account the probability of detection of the species.

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