Dissertações em Ciência Animal (Mestrado) - PPGCAN/Castanhal
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2337
O Mestrado em Ciência Animal teve início em 1999 junto à CAPES/MEC e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCAN) do Campus Universitário de Castanhal (CCAST) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA).
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Navegando Dissertações em Ciência Animal (Mestrado) - PPGCAN/Castanhal por Orientadores "FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A pesca artesanal da frota de Mosqueiro (Belém - Pará) e o uso do ambiente pela dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii-Castelnau, 1855)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-01) OLIVEIRA, Diogo Marques; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528Considering the artisanal landing sites in the Amazon estuary, Mosqueiro Island, located in the south of the Bay of Marajó, is commercially very important and, as in nearby loading terminal (Miramar), the imminence of an environmental disaster is real. However, there is no detailed information on the fishery and the use of commercially important species, as Gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) in the region. With the objective of describing the fishing activity and the use of the region by the Gilded catfish, landings were monitored in Cajueiros Bridge (Mosqueiro) from December 2005 to November 2006. Moreover, the fishery boats were recorded using specialized log-books and trained personnel from the community. The index of relative abundance CPUE (kg/trip) was used to identify the most important species and their catch period, seasonality of the fleet, fishing sites and gross revenue. Considering the Gilded catfish, 30 individuals were obtained from commercial fishery in Mosqueiro from December 2005 to August 2006 in a bimensal basis. Individuals were weighted, measured and gonads were collected with the objective of evaluating the use of the region for reproduction. It was registered 128 fishing boats and Barcos de pequeno porte dominated followed by Canoas motorizadas. Technological differences between boats categories were observed, except in relation to boat length, mean monthly production and storage capacity. Barcos de médio porte present a greater crew and fishing days but they carry out less trips by month in relation to the others categories. Gill nets are mostly used in the area, and the mesh most frequently employed are 50, 60 e 70 mm (streched mesh size). Barcos de médio porte have larger nets when compared to others categories. The main species captured in the region are Silver croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus), Pacora (Plagioscion surinamensis), Gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) and Yellowfin river pellona (Pellona spp.). Fleet from Cajueiros bridge fish mainly in fishing sites near the island during the catch period of the main species (May to December) moving to Marudá region during the offpeak season (January to April) following, mainly, the schools of Gilded catfish. Periods of maximum abundance was the first and the forth trimester for Canoas motorizadas and Barcos de pequeno porte respectively. The fishing sites Ponta Fina and Areia do Cotijuba showed the largest annual relative abundance with the main catch of Gilded catfish and Pacora, respectively. Gilded catfish was regular during the whole period with highest abundance in Ponta Fina and December. Pacora highest abundance was recorded in Marudá (98 kg/trip) and September. Yellowfin river pellona occurred mainly in Enseada and in June. In Mosqueiros Island, fish annual production was estimated in approximately 1.000 tons, leading to a gross revenue of R$ 3 million. Barcos de pequeno porte contributed to 42% of the total production and with 61% of the gross revenue. Silver croaker contributed to 26% of total production and Gilded catfish with 35% of the gross revenue. This species was considered the most valuable fish resource in the area. Sampled individuals measured from 27 to 100 cm total length, and individuals of 50 to 60 cm dominated. Sexual proportion favored females (1:2,2 male:female) which were most numerous for most length classes and months, except February. For this species, the area is not used for breeding but for nursery and feeding purposes. In the situation of an environmental disaster a waste of approximately 1.000 tons and R$ 3 millions for the fishery industry in Mosqueiros Island can be reported. Moreover, an accident in the area could also affect the young population of Gilded catfish causing harmful effects in a long term for catch and economy of the area.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Biologia reprodutiva de peixes cianídeos capturados nas proximidades dos terminais portuários do Pará e Maranhão(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) SANTOS, Nayara Barbosa; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528Smallscale weakfish (Cynoscion microlepidotus), King weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon) e Pacora (Plagioscion surinamensis) are demersal sciaenids, largely distributed in the Brazilian coast. These species are important fishing resources. This study has the objective of describing aspects of the reproductive biology of these species caught in areas near to the harbors of Itaqui (Maranhão) and Miramar (Pará). For each species, the reproductive stages were macro and microscopically described, the length at first maturity, sexual proportion by month and size, the breeding period and type of spawning was also evaluated. Data were collected in a bimensal basis from December 2005 to October 2006. It was examined 247 individuals of C. microlepidotus, 253 of M. ancylodon and 251 of P. surinamensis. Individuals of C. microlepidotus, M. ancylodon and P. surinamensis measured from 175 to 780 mm, 187 to 399mm and 220 to 590 mm of total length, respectively. The relationship total length (mm) and total weight (g) for females, males e sexes grouped were highly significant for the three species, with negative alometry for C. microlepidotus and positive alometry for M. ancylodon and P. surinamensis. The length of first maturity (L50) for C. microlepidotus, considered grouped sexes was 260.8 mm, 235mm for males and 321mm total of length for females. For M. ancylodon, L50 for grouped sexes was 210.5 mm, 201.6mm for males and 221.8mm for females of total length. For P. surinamensis, L50 for grouped sexes, for males and for females were 279 mm, 305mm and 269mm of total length. Sexual proportion, considering the total number of individuals favored females for M. ancylodon (1male:3female) and favored males for P. surinamensis (2,02male:1female). For C. microlepidotus, male: female proportion was equivalent. Macroscopically, gonads of the three species were classified as Immature (A), Maturing (B), Mature (C) and Spawned/Spent (D), however, when analyzed microscopically, the stage B were sub-divided in initial and final maturing. The macro and microscopical evaluation of gonads indicated a prolonged spawning season, with reported peaks in June- August and December- February, coinciding to the rainfall transition period. The studied species complete their life cycle entirely near the harbors of Itaqui and Miramar, leading these areas to be classified as extremely sensitive especially when referring to possible oil spill.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dinâmica populacional do camarão cascudo Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) da Ilha de Combú – Belém-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-28) SILVA, Márcia Cristina Nylander; ROSA FILHO, José Souto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223362071251898; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528Shrimps of genus Macrobrachium, family Palaemonidae, are largely utilized for aquaculture and also are explored by commercial fisheries. Amongst the species of this genus, M. amazonicum is largely consumed, shows valued meat and is largely distributed. Considering the social-economic importance of this resource in the State of Pará, this study has the objective of describing the population dynamics and assesses the stock of barky shrimp M. amazonicum in island of the Combú (Pará). Data was collect from March 2002 to February 2003 (except august) where approximately 500 grams of shrimp were monthly obtained. In laboratory, individuals were measured (total length and length of carapace) and weighted (total weight). For determining the fecundity, after removed the eggs mass, were transferred to a water solution were they were counted under a microscopy. For the determination of the population parameters, it was utilized the Program FISAT (Fish Stock Assessment Tools). Females showed smaller maximum length when compared to males, although their average mensal lengths through all year were superior to those of males. It was registered a significant positive sexual proportion to females in July, September, January and February and for the length classes 2.5-2.9 cm and 6.5 to 9.4 cm. The fecundity showed a positive linear relation with the total length and the number of eggs varied from 40 to 3375 eggs/female. It was registered 3 cohorts for the species which were born in December-January/02, September-October/02 and April-May/03. Considering the different methodologies, growth parameters were similar between them and K for males was superior when compared to females and varied from 0.7 to 1.35 cm/month. For females K varied from 0.66 to 0.91 cm/month. L∞ (for most methodologies) was also superior for males (12.37 to 17.66 cm) when compared to females (12.66 to 14.14 cm). Estimated values of total mortality Z for the capture curve had been bigger in the higher for males (values from 3.15 to 6.13) than for females (values from 3.86 to 6.89) the same occurred for method of Beverton and Holt, males (values between 5.43 to 9.31). The length at first capture (Lc) was superior for females (5.88 cm) than for males (4.25 cm). The EMSY (explotation rate for the maximum sustainable yield) for males and females is below the E (exploitation rate) indicating that M. amazonicum of island of the Combú is over-exploited.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ictiofauna como indicadora da qualidade ambiental na Baía do Gaujará (Belém-PA), estuário amazônico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-11-10) VIANA, Andréa Pontes; FRÉDOU, Thierry; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8119220407894290; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528The Guajará Bay (Belém-PA Metropolitan Area) belongs to the Amazonian estuary and is the geographic accident that most undergoes urban influence. Thus, this work aimed to carry out a study on the health conditions of the estuarine zone of the Bay of the Guajará, by studying the impact of effluent direct release on the water quality using icthyofauna as ecological indicator. Five stations, located in the main channel (4) and igarapés (very narrow arm of the river) (1) were considered contaminated and three references, 2 in main channel and 1 in the igarapé, were selected. Stations have been sampled 4 times along a year. A total of 567 individuals of 40 species have been captured, and the main taxa reported was Siluriforms. The relative abundance in number of individuals (CPUEn) at the main channel showed greater values in December (S/C). Significant catch variation was observed between stations of the Igarapé. The majority of species in igarapés as well as the main channel was considered as occasional. This visiting fauna uses the area for reproduction, nursery and feeding. This choice is due to the food and shelter availability. In terms of diversity, the main channel showed similar results between the periods and stations. The igarapés presented a significant difference between stations only. The multivariate analysis show a clear difference between the icthyofauna inhabiting the main channel and the one caught in igarapés. The species captured in the channel presented, to a large extent, migratory habits, moving between limnological-estuarine and estuarine-coastal environments. Conversely, in igarapés, most species were freshwater species, with individuals carrying out only restricted migrations within the igarapé. Considering the main channel, December (transition dry-rain season) catch was significantly different from others sampled periods. Igarapés catches varied significantly between seasons. The BIO-ENV analysis could not identify environmental factors that would be influencing community structure. We could not identify a direct impact on the fish community by pollutant release from the city of Belém. A biostimulation phenomenon is reported, and may be an initial warning for the potential organic pollution leading to the environment, eutrophisation. This may cause irreparable damages for the environmental and the population that utilizes this place as a resource.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Pesca e ictiofauna na área adjacente ao terminal de Vila do Conde - Pará, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-05-08) PAZ, Alexsandra Câmara; FRÉDOU, Thierry; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8119220407894290; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528The city of Barcarena – PA is situated in south Bay of Marajó. This region is an important industrial pole and despite the great importance of the fishery and the imminence of an environmental disaster, there are not reported any studies deeped concerning the fishery and fish assemblage in the area. With the objective of describing the fishing activity and fish assemblage in Barcarena, landings were monitored in the market of Barcarena and Praia do Conde from December 2005 to November 2006. Moreover, the fishery boats were recorded using specialized log-books and trained personnel from the community. The index of relative abundance CPUE (kg/trip) was used to identify the most important species and their catch period, seasonality of the fleet, gears and fishing sites. It was registered 74 fishing boats and “barcos de pequeno porte” dominated. It was observed technological differences between the two landing sites, except when considered the length between categories. Fishing boats from the market show a greater crew, fishing days and mean catch by month. Fishing boats from Vila do Conde use mainly long lines whilst those from the market use mainly gill nets. During the year 2006, fishing boats from Vila do Conde operated from Ilha do Capim to “furo do Arrozal”, whilst market boats operated from Cutaju to Cotijuba. Fleet followed the catch period of the main species, dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii), South American silver croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus), kumakuma (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) and yellowfin river pellona (Pellona flavipinnis) and Amazon pellona (P. castelnaeana) grouped in yellowfin river pellona. Market fleet´s CPUE was 19 kg/trip and from Vila do Conde was 11 kg/trip. The catch period in the region is from October to May peaking in the first trimester. Trips operating with gill nets show greater CPUE when compared to long lines. The main species captured by gill nets is South American silver croaker and by long lines is dourada. CPUE from non-motorized boats is smaller than the motorized ones. Dourada was regular and abundant during all year for all study area. It was not observed differences between gears, trimesters and fishing sites. Kumakuma was most abundant form October to March, peaking in January and caught mainly by long lines and in Cutaju with 55 kg/trip. South American silver croaker was also regular and abundant during all year. This species was caught mainly with gill nets and in Carnapijó. Yellowfin river pellona occurred from October to May, peaking in October, caught mainly by the fleet of Vila do Conde with gill nets and the main fishing site is Estacamento. A total production in Barcarena was estimated in 200 tons generating R$ 724.431,00 for the city. Dourada contributed with 31% of total production and 46 % of the Gross revenue. October was the most productive month with 23% of the production and 15% of the Gross revenue. “Barcos de Pequeno Porte” contributed with 37% of the production and 41% of the gross revenue.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Sistemas de produção pesqueira da pescada amarela (Cynoscion acoupa Lacèpede, 1802) e serra (Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavalla-Camin, 1978) no litoral nordeste do Estado do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) MOURÃO, Keila Renata Moreira; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528The Para State, which coast limits from Cabo do Norte to Gurupi, is the most important fishing state in North of Brazil. According the economic importance, of the Acoupa weakfish Cynoscion acoupa and Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus brasiliensis are main species, captured mostly in Augusto Corrêa, Bragança, Curuçá, São Caetano de Odivelas, São João de Pirabas and Vigia towns. This study aim to describe the fishing systems of these towns in an approam social, technological, economic and ecological, in order to establishi policy tools, that support the development of a management plan for the sustainability of these fisheries. To describe the fishery systems, 45 attributes, were considered in a categorical scale or percentages, classified according the established dimensions. A ´study case´, aiming to better describe the fishing systems, was analised in Bragança. To identify groups and similarities betweem fishery systems and town. Multivariate analysis were applied this analysis reported two distinct groups of fishery systems. When analyzed by dimension, the fishery systems were similar for both social and ecological dimensions. In relation to technological and economical dimensions, was concluded that Bragança and Vigia (Acoupa weakfish system) were different specially by the boats operates, net size, production and profits. The spanish mackerel system, it was compore by a float of small boats (´Barcos de Pequeno Porte´). The case study showed that, although the low importance in acoupa weakfish commercialization are rather important, with a high commercialization value, the value of the meat is responsible for most of the profit. The Spanish mackerel case study reported that the fishery in Bragança ocorrin three different regions: coast Amapá, coast Salinas and coast Bragança. According these a management plan, based in a social dimension, must include actions that favors citizenship, health, education, job and qualification. In relation to the ecological dimension, considering that both fishery were stocks exploited at the maximum level, management measures must be implemented. Finally, with regard to technological and economic aspects, it was observed that in Bragança and in Vigia, the acoupa weakfish fishing systems were "sustainable". The increase in catches with a decreasing trend in the production should be considered be carefull specially whem new financings are to be released to the fisherman.