Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Barragem e Gestão Ambiental - PEBGA/NDAE/Tucuruí
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9395
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Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Barragem e Gestão Ambiental - PEBGA/NDAE/Tucuruí por Orientadores "ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da contaminação e distribuição espacial de metais pesados em áreas de influência de mineração em um estuário tropical na Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-19) SILVA, Matheus Cavalcante; MONTE, Christiane do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6178162183692365; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913Tropical estuaries are often impacted by heavy metals, but the spatial distribution and contamination of these pollutants have been insufficiently investigated between sediments and water in South America, especially in the little-studied regions of the Amazon. In order to contribute to this gap, this study investigated the spatial distribution and contamination of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in the surface waters and sediments of the Pará River Estuary (PRE) (Pará, Brazil), which has been affected by various mining activities. Thus, different procedures were integrated, including a systematic review of the literature on tailings spill events and impacts derived from these events, sedimentary and mineralogical characterization, estimation of organic matter in the sediment, physical-chemical parameters of the water, determination of metals in the sediment and water, contamination assessment indices and statistical analyses. The results showed that the kaolin tailings storage systems in Barcarena-PA are more unsafe than the alternative disposal systems reported in the literature, resulting in kaolin tailings leaking into regional water bodies and spreading areas used for bathing. On the other hand, the disposal of bauxite tailings in the area prioritizes alternative systems with higher solids content, facilitating control actions. In addition, the bauxite and kaolin tailings had predominantly silty fractions and mineralogy marked by the presence of aluminum hydroxides. All the samples showed low concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments, suggesting the action of resuspension in an area with predominantly sandy sediments. As an exception, Cd showed high concentrations in Murucupi and Furo do Arrozal, which triggered high levels of contamination in these areas. All the sampling sites indicated that there was a high concentration of heavy metals and a high degree of contamination of the water, except in the vicinity of Vila do Conde. Furthermore, high ecological risks are associated with the metals present in the water from anthropogenic activities, compromising the quality of the estuarine ecosystem.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da influência do uso e ocupação da terra na concentração de sólidos em suspensão em reservatório hidrelétrico com o uso do sensoriamento remoto(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-09) SOUZA, Fabíola Esquerdo de; SOARES, Carlos Benedito Santana da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9153957633685323; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913The use of remote sensing in reservoir sediment monitoring is important for temporal spac knowledge of sediment deposition in dam structures. In this context, this research was developed in the hydrographic basin that covers the Tucuruí HOU reservoir, in which suspended sediment concentration data from the M1 monitoring station located at 2 km upstream of the dam were acquired, and were integrated into the analyses to understand the relationship between the responses of satellite images and field measurements. Sediment analyses were performed with 14-year time series of MODIS images, composed of 8 days. Surface reflectance estimates were calculated using simplinear regression and coefficient of determination (R2). For the use and occupation of the land of the hydrographic basin, a temporal analysis of Landsat-5, Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS images was performed. Next, the land use and occupation were related to water quality analyses of stations upstream 1 (M1), Amount Repartimento (MR) and Montante Pacurui (MP). The results show that the calibration curve generated the linear regression equation with good fit for MI monitoring station, presenting efficiency in the data estimated by reflectance through this model. The analyses of land use and occupation show that over the years there was a reduction in forest formation and at the same time pasture growth occurred. In relation to water quality, the impacts caused by anthropic actions have negative influences. Thus, it is possible to observe the relevance of the use of remote sensing techniques, geoprocessing and geotechnologies, as instruments that help in the planning of land use and occupation, in the analysis of water quality and management of water resources in reservoir regions, since these technologies enable greater spatial scope of the analyses with lower costs.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da variabilidade pluviométrica da região da UHE – Tucuruí/PA no período operacional (1988-2017)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01-30) ALMEIDA, Denilson Freitas; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913The Tocantins - Araguaia hydrographic region has become a major power in the generation of hydraulic energy with the installation of large hydroelectric plants and the formation of several artificial lakes, resulting in hydrological changes and possible changes in the microclimate and rainfall. The analysis of rainfall behavior in the hydrographic basin becomes of fundamental importance for the management of water resources. In order to subsidize the management and planning of water resources in the region, an analysis of the spatial-temporal rainfall variability was carried out in the Lake HPP-Tucuruí / PA region, being divided into 4 quadrants (NE, NO , SO and SE) and 12 sub-areas (NE50, NE100, NE200, NO50, NO100, NO200, SO50, SO100, SO200, SE50, SE100 and SE200), considering the period of 30 years (1988-2017), in order to analyze the behavior of the rains in the region. To this end, data were collected and analyzed from 30 pluviometric stations that appear in the database of the ANA platform (HidroWeb base), within a radius of up to 200 km from the hydroelectric plant. With the aid of the QGIS 3.0.3 software, the isohyets maps were drawn using the linear ordinary kriging interpolation method, representing the heights of the water slides. The results showed variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of the total volume precipitated in the referred period of study, identified in the results of standard deviation and variance, in addition to the result of the trend of rains by Mann Kendall's non-parametric tests. The pluviometric indexes showed decreases, when analyzing the entire study area, with an average rainfall of 2157.73 mm. There was a greater decrease in precipitation in the southern part of the region, which showed lower rainfall. In the northern regions, where the artificial lake formed by the Tucuruí dam is found, there were higher rainfall averages. The Mann-Kendall (MK) results showed a greater decrease in the quadrants of the microscale (close to the bus), especially at NO50, which showed a significant trend of decreasing rainfall in the study region (Z = -2.24).Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise dos conflitos pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica do médio Tocantins(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-15) SILVA, Cristiane Matos da; TEIXEIRA, Otávio Noura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5784356232477760; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-5996; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006Brazil is considered a country highly rich in water availability, however, it is not always in a condition to use, or there is no equal distribution among the states and municipalities of the country. In this way, conflicts can arise associated to the access and distribution of this water resource. Therefore, this study aims to analyze conflicts over water use in the Mid Tocantins River Basin District. To do so, the methodology used was to carry out the following steps: morphometric characterization of the river basin, identification of multiple uses and respective volumes granted both upstream and downstream of Estreito / MA UHE, identification of the main agents and possible actors in areas of conflict, modeling the behavior of agents and the environment and conducting conflict analysis based on the Games Theory, making it possible to propose mitigating measures. With respect to the morphometric characterization of the hydrographic basin, it has a low tendency to great floods, presented a degree of branching of the waterways of 5th order and an average altitude of 259 m. Regarding the multiple uses with federal grant, there is a difference in relation to the granting purpose upstream and downstream of the Estreito Dam, having as the largest user upstream, irrigation, and as the main user downstream of the UHE, industry. Regarding the analysis of conflicts over water use, after the application of game theory, it was verified that both upstream and downstream had several conflict agents, characterizing the generation of electric energy as the largest generator of them. It is concluded that the main mitigating measure is the proposition of greater interaction and dialogue among the agents that generate conflict, because in this way, the greater the probability of minimizing the problems of access, distribution and conflicts over the use of water. And, the application of game theory proved to be ffective, presenting a differential in the analysis of conflicts, making it possible to reiterate the importance of dialogue and interaction between the sectors of water use within the catchment area of the middle Tocantins.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise espaço temporal das barragens no estado do Pará nos últimos 20 anos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-08) CHAVES, Daniel Rodrigues; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913Knowledge of the location of reservoirs of water bodies is extremely important for the study and management of water resources. However, the registration of such information is mandatory for large dams, however, it is performed in a purely informative manner by most entrepreneurs, and it is up to them to correctly inform the data or simply ignore its importance. The cost of on-site registration is high, in addition to taking a long time on the part of environmental agencies such as ANA, ANM, SEMAS. In this sense, orbital images can offer maps of buslocations at low cost, covering large areas, including difficult to access. The present work has as main objective to perform a temporal space analysis through the MNDWI index, with the objective of subsidizing the registration and location of the buses in the state of Pará, which have an area of water depth greater than 3,600m², using for this purpose , 192 imagesof the Landsat sensor that cover the entire state territory. The results obtained showed a significant increase of 656% in the total number of dams in the last 20 years, mainly in the eastern region of the State. Having identified 3,704 dams in the State of Pará, however, only a total of 314 are registered on the ANA website, throughout the State. It was also identified the relationship between the largest cattle and soybean producing cities as the cities with the highest number of buses. It can be concluded that the method used proved to be efficient, since it managed to efficiently characterize the evolution of the dams over time, as well as their distribution and spatial variation, thus being able to assist in the planning of the inspection bodies in the identification of the most critical sites that need to be inspected, thus making inspection more effective and allowing better management of water resources.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Descaracterização de barragens de rejeito de bauxita: como a indução da sucessão ecológica pode atuar na melhoria do substrato na fase inicial de descaracterização(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-26) NEVES, Mayra de Nazaré Barral das; GAMA, Marcos André Piedade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3991808809325751; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913The closure of tailing dams is currently one of the main concerns related to the management of tailing dams in the mining sector, which can be noted by the recent changes in international standards and federal legislation on the subject. Applying revegetation as a technique for recharacterization of tailing dams is a great challenge, mainly because the organic matter content in the substrate is very low or non-existent. In this context, this experiment was conducted in three treatments that had the purpose of demonstrating the performance of the induction of ecological succession in three environments in bauxite tailings substrate with different conditions of green manure and addition of organic matter. In the T3 treatment (control) there was the planting of tree seedlings on the tailings; in the T2 treatment, in addition to tree planting, green manure with cover legumes was included; and in the T1 treatment, in addition to tree seedlings and cover legumes, organic matter from external sources was added. For the analysis of the induced succession process, parameters of soil physicochemical quality, development of the implanted vegetation and biomass generation were evaluated. The soil analysis of physical attributes showed no significant difference between the treatments for bulk density, total porosity and stability. All 3 treatments presented similar values of pH, m% and V%, with exceptions in the 0-5 cm layer. The T1 treatment stood out in terms of OM content and CEC values. The treatments T2 and T3 presented similar CEC values. T2 showed an increase in OM between the collections of 6 and 12 months after the implementation of the experiment. The highest biomass production of Crotalaria spectabilis Röth occurred at T1, however, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. showed no significant difference between T1 and T2. The results of litter behaved according to the pre-availability of OM in the treatment, gradually increasing and with significant difference between T3, T2 and T1. T1 presented the highest mortality rate (Tm) of the species Hymenaea courbaril L., and there was no significant difference of Tm for the other species between the treatments. T2 presented the best results of admission of shrub and tree species. There was no significant difference in plants growth between treatments for all species, except for stem diameter of Inga edulis Mart., which were higher at T1. Throughout the experiment the majority of the seedlings had 50 to 100% of mature leaves and only Bixa orellana L. and Clitoria fairchildiana R.A.Howard came to flower. The induction of the ecological succession process through the treatments applied in this experiment was effective for the introduction of biological factors in the substrate, the improvement of chemical attributes in the surface layer and the settlement of tree species in the initial phase of bauxite tailing dams closure whose planned future use is reforestation.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Influência operacional de um reservatório na dinâmica de nutrientes no processo de eutrofização – estudo de caso UHE Tucuruí(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-28) OLIVEIRA, Michele Araújo de; SARAIVA, Augusto Cesar Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7466500214796269; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006The Amazon region contains a large water reserve, with rivers that present favorable behaviors for the installation of new dams. However, this change brings with it alterations in hydrological behavior, which leads to limnological changes, caused not only by the act of the water damming, but also by the increased population attracted to these areas in search of new opportunities. This leads to the generation of nutrients that are then released into the water body, mainly due to the precarious effluent treatment in these regions. In this context, the aim of this study was to calculate the Trophic State Index (TSI) at the Tucuruí HPP reservoir, through the aid of software packages and laboratory analyses of field data, analyzing the spatiotemporal behavior of the main nutrients responsible for this process in this area, using two models, namely Carlson‘s (1977) and Lamparelli ‗s (2004) models. The study also proposes a statistical analysis of the relationship between the behavior of the operational regime of the hydropower plant (HPP) with the situation of eutrophication of the reservoir, aiming to evaluate damming implications in the eutrophication process that occurs in the reservoir and its consequences. Eutrophication variability was observed both spatially and temporally, by the Lamparelli (2004) classification, where some points presented an oligotrophic classification during several years, indicating good water quality. However, through Carlson‘s methodology, most of the reservoir was classified as eutrophic, with lower water quality.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Pequenas barragens: uma oportunidade de desenvolvimento científico, técnico e regulamentador(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-19) NAVA, Francy Rosy; PINTO, Andreia Cristina Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3743402063049504; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006Although small water track dams have important and various purposes, even if they are smaller they are structures that causes considerable socio-environmental changes and represent increasingly evident risks. These terms are not considered by normative directives established in Brazil. That is why the regulatory system has been stimulated by strong discussions in analysis on advantages and disadvantages of the dams, only directed towards the great enterprises. Thus, a gap has been created, which substantiates and directs this study in the sense that the small water dams also deserves attention. To prove this need, this research was guided by the following scientific questions: 1. How the occurrence of small dams are addressed in scientific and technical environment? 2. What is the representativeness of the impacts events associated with the construction / operation of small dams? 3. How does the legal and institutional system incorporate the management of small dams? In order to answer them, a methodological route was established, allowing the purpose to analyzing small water track barriers in the Uraim river basin under the perspective of territorial and socio-environmental management and normative systems. The results demonstrated several weaknesses in scientific and technical knowledge, as well as in the normative and institutional ordering responsible for the environmental management of structures with polluting / degrading potential. The weakness found, whether in licensing or safety aspects are the main factors that drive the practice of establishing small irregular barriers in water tracks, disregarding technical and environmental criteria. It was also verified the representativeness of small dams and the significant socio-environmental risks. In this way, this study contributes to in-depth understanding of the roles of all actors responsible for the management of small dams. In addition, stimulates discussion on the performance of normative and institutional planning in promoting the efficient implementation of the environmental policies established by the government. These results can be used by policymakers and government decision-makers to improve the regulatory framework and executor role.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Proposição metodológica para melhoria do monitoramento pluviométrico em regiões de barramento com escassez de postos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-10) FERREIRA, Laysse Alves; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913The Brazilian Amazon is considered the largest primary forest in the world, having great importance in the planet's biodiversity, as well as in the national economy, having large enterprises that use dams for their production process, such as hydroelectric dams and dams for mining. Despite its environmental and economic importance, the Legal Amazon has low density and spatiality for in loco measurement of rainfall. Precipitation data are the basis of hydrological studies and for the entire cycle of implementation, operation and decommissioning of dams, where knowledge of hydrological behavior enables actions to prevent extreme weather events, as well as better management and decision-making of water resources . Groups of stations that have similar hydrological behavior and minimal differences are called hydrologically homogeneous areas, making it possible to transfer data from these areas with adequate monitoring to areas that have insufficient stations. Regionalization allows this data transfer and the extraction of information about the spatial behavior of precipitation, commonly using clustering algorithms. Given this scenario, Ward's hierarchical grouping method was used in this study to identify hydrologically homogeneous groups and later regionalization through the Ordinary Kriging method. The historical series from 1986 -2015 (30 years) of rainfall data from 268 stations was used. The results showed 6 homogeneous zones with high precipitation variability among the groups found. Spatialization ratified the results of other studies that concluded that the legal Amazon has high rainfall variability, with regionalization being a tool to assist in the management of areas with a lack of data.