Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Barragem e Gestão Ambiental - PEBGA/NDAE/Tucuruí

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9395

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 48

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise numérica da estabilidade de taludes utilizando o método de Galerkin livre de elementos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-03) SILVA, Davi Barbosa Costa da; TEIXEIRA, Marcelo Rassy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8912916360456192
The safety of dams is associated to the stability of the structures that compose them. In a earthfill dam, there are mentioned the slopes, which are surfaces that form an angle with the horizontal one. Its study using numerical methods, like the finite element method (FEM), makes possible the estimate of displacements, stresses and strains. It is aimed in this study to contribute in the efficiency of the numerical analysis devoted to the slopes. Through the development of a resource turned specifically to dams, the objective in the present work is to present an algorithm able to check the stability of slopes in the period of its construction using a numerical method without mesh. For the proposed analyses, there was used the element free Galerkin method (EFGM), applying it in the strength reduction method (SRM). After the idealization of a model and solution using the limit equilibrium method and the strength reduction method with the help of the FEM, both in commercial software (GeoStudio), there were obtained and were compared the results of a model in which there is applied the strength reduction method with the use of the EFGM. The analysis by the strength reduction method was divided in determination of the in situ stresses of the foundation, construction of the landfill and strength reduction of the soil. Numerically, in the stage of getting the in situ stresses, the EFGM presented better result when compared to FEM, taking as a reference the classic mathematical model of the soil mechanics for subhorizontal surfaces. In the stages of construction of the landfill and of strength reduction, the relative approximation error the EFGM regarding the FEM was nearly always superior to 5%. However, it noticed if that in the main answers, i.e. in the determination of the slip surface and of the strength reduction factor, the results were similar, as in the strength reduction method, with the EFGM regarding the FEM, as that regarding the limit equilibrium method. In the comparison with the FEM, there were obtained more conservative strength reduction factors. In spite of being an information not available openly, it concluded if that the elastoplastic constitutive model used in the commercial software is not the linear elastic perfectly plastic model, which was hypothesis adopted for the EFGM. Besides the differences due to the behavior idealized for the material, the application of meshfree method also requires more studies related to the definition of the representation of the domain. The main advantage of the adoption of the proposed method is the possibility to test more parameters in less time, which makes it useful in preliminary construction studies. For that, it must be observed that, in spite of the limitations in displacement estimation, which are useful to associate numerical results to the observations in field, the conditions in which there is slip at slope can be appreciated in satisfactory, conformable way when it was shown in comparisons with the most used methods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise computacional do rompimento hipotético da barragem de Tucuruí-PA com o auxílio do software Mike Flood
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-10-10) SANTOS, Marlon Braga dos; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378; SANTOS, Viviane Almeida dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1489376127395764
Present work seeks to elaborate flood maps and to perform the flood wave analysis, due to the hypothetical break of the dam of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant (Tucuruí HPP), using commercial software MIKE FLOOD. For such purpose, are considered, the overtopping scenario and the total rupture of the Tucuruí HPP concrete dam. Methodology adopted for the research consisted of the collection of technical information regarding the damming, in addition the hydrological study of the areas upstream and downstream of the dam, that are essential for the definition of the input parameters in the computational model to be elaborated. Computational hydrodynamic modeling was carried out in three stages: the first consisted of an one-dimensional analysis in MIKE 11 software; subsequently, with the MIKE 21 software, the triangular calculation mesh was generated for the two-dimensional analysis; and finally, the coupled analysis of the two models previously developed with the MIKE FLOOD software was proceeded. Results indicated areas of flood of up to 84.71 km² for the first one hundred and ten minutes after the rupture gap formation, with a reaction time of approximately eight minutes for the resident population in the urban area of Tucuruí, indicating high potential of loss of human life. It should be noted that the hypothetical floodplain covers residential areas and the commercial center of the city, as well as several urban facilities and public agencies, in addition of one of the most important access roads to the city, BR 422, which restricts the definition of evacuation of the affected population. Thus, it is concluded that the consequences of the rupture of the Tucuruí HPP for the analyzed scenario justify the elaboration of an Emergency Action Plan that guarantees the population security the downstream and that minimizes the economic and environmental impacts resulting from such event.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dosagem experimental de concreto massa com adição de sílica ativa aplicado em barragem
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-11-10) SOUZA, Grazielle Tigre de; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378
The study of concrete dosage for large constructions, specifically of dams, has its own peculiarities due to the large volumes involved, intensifying the care with the supply and quality of materials used for these concretes, compositions with pozzolan additions are generally used in order to reduce the heat of hydration. In this sense, the main objective of this research is the elaboration of a mix design of concrete with the substitution of 8% of the cement per silica fume, the experimental study of the mix design was based on the Method of the Fineness Module of the Aggregates. To meet the proposal of this research, the methodology based primarily on the characterization of concrete constituent materials (fine and coarse aggregates, and silica fume), concrete mix design study by the Method of the Fineness Module (MFM) and subsequent analysis of the properties of the concrete mass obtained, making it possible to elaborate the concrete mix design, according to the requirements specified in the design of hydroelectric power plant structures. In this sense, with regard to the characterization of the aggregates, the results demonstrated the feasibility of the use of these in the production of concrete for dams. In relation to cement and silica fume the characteristics of these materials attend the normative requirements. The experimental dosage based on the MFM method, made it possible to compose the dosage graphs needed to define the mix design of concretes and consequently the verification of their applications in dams. It can be affirmed, thus, that the MMF approach developed in this research can be considered an important contribution, for the dissemination of the dosage methodology for concrete application in dams.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise temporal dos impactos socioambientais das barragens de rejeito na bacia hidrográfica do rio Murucupi, Barcarena – PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) SANTOS, André Thiago Lemos Miranda dos; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548
The objective of this study is to carry out a survey of the socio-environmental influence of the users of the Murucupi River Basin, focusing on the buses of the company that uses the basin, located in the municipality of Barcarena in the State of Pará, Brazil. taking into account the multiple uses of soil and water.. The research considers multiples land uses, as well as the impacts caused by the tailings pond. For this assessment, Temporary Geographic Information Systems (TGIS) maps were applied using for the period of 1986 to 2017 data from USGS mapping and for the period of 2004 to 2014 data from TerraClass project mapping. Through this database, the impacts arising from the multiple uses of natural resources and socioenvironmental degradation observed in Barcarena were measured. Changes in land use were obtained through the State Department of Environment and Sustainability-SEMAS and IBGE data. The technical-scientific data were correlated to the socioenvironmental degradation maps in order to determine the socioenvironmental pressure caused by the installation the Imerys’ tailings pond in the study area. In addition to exposing the negative perception of the population in relation to the dam companies, through the application of online forms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pequenas barragens: uma oportunidade de desenvolvimento científico, técnico e regulamentador
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-19) NAVA, Francy Rosy; PINTO, Andreia Cristina Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3743402063049504; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006
Although small water track dams have important and various purposes, even if they are smaller they are structures that causes considerable socio-environmental changes and represent increasingly evident risks. These terms are not considered by normative directives established in Brazil. That is why the regulatory system has been stimulated by strong discussions in analysis on advantages and disadvantages of the dams, only directed towards the great enterprises. Thus, a gap has been created, which substantiates and directs this study in the sense that the small water dams also deserves attention. To prove this need, this research was guided by the following scientific questions: 1. How the occurrence of small dams are addressed in scientific and technical environment? 2. What is the representativeness of the impacts events associated with the construction / operation of small dams? 3. How does the legal and institutional system incorporate the management of small dams? In order to answer them, a methodological route was established, allowing the purpose to analyzing small water track barriers in the Uraim river basin under the perspective of territorial and socio-environmental management and normative systems. The results demonstrated several weaknesses in scientific and technical knowledge, as well as in the normative and institutional ordering responsible for the environmental management of structures with polluting / degrading potential. The weakness found, whether in licensing or safety aspects are the main factors that drive the practice of establishing small irregular barriers in water tracks, disregarding technical and environmental criteria. It was also verified the representativeness of small dams and the significant socio-environmental risks. In this way, this study contributes to in-depth understanding of the roles of all actors responsible for the management of small dams. In addition, stimulates discussion on the performance of normative and institutional planning in promoting the efficient implementation of the environmental policies established by the government. These results can be used by policymakers and government decision-makers to improve the regulatory framework and executor role.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Interpretação e aplicação dos níveis de controle do monitoramento geotécnico na avaliação de segurança de barragens de mineração
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-11) SOUZA, Deni Otávio Oliveira de; LIMA NETO, Aarão Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0287664572311345
The importance of monitoring and analyzing dams' safety in reducing the risk imposed by these structures is well known. Structural monitoring aims at various objectives ranging from evaluating the performance against the projected, evaluating the safety of the structure and establishing new theories. However, instrumentation has been increasingly biased to support the stability analysis, and consequently, to limit the safety evaluation of the projects. If it was not enough to limit the role of monitoring in the projects and citations of legislation, it was very important for a tool, called by some professionals as a risk chart, which establishes levels of control, attention, alert and emergency related to reading of each instrument. However, these control or reference levels may be being used widely and mistakenly to determine dam safety by overlapping or superseding judgment by engineering professionals in many cases. In addition, criteria for the application of a methodology for the elaboration of levels of control through the deterministic method were presented, considering the instruments that make up the main section of a mining dam, applying a methodology to define the levels of attention, alert and instrument, in order to assist in the prior analysis of the structure monitoring data and to automatically identify possible deviations in the instrument reading pattern. In this way, limits were established for the control levels of the instruments and the results obtained were used in the implementation of a pre-alarm system associated to a standard response procedure in relation to the level of control informed, with the purpose of improving the control and safety of the structure. Finally, this work sought to reflect on the application of this monitoring control tool in the safety of mining dams, making a critical analysis of technical concepts applied to the risk analysis of the structure, which led to a conclusion that the nomenclatures used for control levels and widely used risk charts should be reviewed so that they are not mistakenly associated with the risk of the structure or the Emergency Action Plans of mining dams.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia para preparação e avaliação de resposta a simulados de emergência de barragem de mineração
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-11) DIAS, Rogério Eduardo Souza de Almeida; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378
Mining dams are fundamental elements for the process of mineral processing due to the need to concentrate or separate the mineral components of economic interest from the economically unusable components (mining tailings). In order for the tailings to be stored, the reservoirs of dams built in the mining projects for this purpose are commonly used. Over time, dams accumulate large volumes of tailings and water become susceptible to undesirable situations, such as diverse anomalies and failures. In this context, the present research has the objective of presenting a methodology for the preparation and evaluation of response to the Table Top and Full Scale simulated emergency simulations from the PAEBM of the Pera Jusante mining dam, located in the municipality of Parauapebas, state of Pará. The motivation of the work proposal was based on bibliographical research that indicated the lack of methodologies for the application of emergency simulation with mining dams. The methodology was developed based on three stages, the first being the presentation of the dam case study (including the downstream area), the second the execution of the emergency simulation and the third the evaluation of the efficacy of the simulated. The preparation verification methodology used international simulation concepts of emergencies in a gradual and adapted way for dams, starting with the Table Top Exercise and then performing the simulated exercise of full scale field evacuation. During the execution phase of the simulation, guides were prepared to help prepare both the agents involved and the population exposed to the flood spot. In order to record the information of the emergency simulation, it was proposed the use of files containing the details of the emergency situations, the expected responses and other information for the conduct of the simulations. As results obtained it is possible to emphasize that in the stage of execution of the simulated it was possible to know the capacity to respond to a possible emergency situation in the dam case study, with a response from the point of view of the very positive researcher, since it met the (Table Top Exercise) and 93.33% for the Full Scale Exercise simulation. The present research can be applied to any mining dam that has a PAEBM designed and is expected to contribute to the improvement of the methodologies of preparation and response to emergencies with mining dams, being used to improve the process of mining companies that already practice similar actions, and above all, mining companies that are still starting work on emergency preparedness and response to the safety of the downstream population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigação da causa da fratura na haste do cilindro hidráulico da comporta do vertedouro da UHE Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-16) MOREIRA, Davi Carvalho; MERLIN, Bruno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7336467549495208
This research presents an investigation of the causes of the fracture in a piston rod of he hydraulic cylinder that moves the spillway floodgate of the hydroelectric power plant of Tucuruí, after 30 years of service. The chemical analysis and tensile tests confirmed that the piston rod material meets the design specification corresponding to AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel, with J-Factor and P-Factor indicating that the material is susceptible to temper embrittlement. The analysis of the fractured surface, using a scanning electron microscope, showed a totally martensite structure with δ-ferrite, promoting a strong negative effect on the mechanical properties of the steel, reducing impact resistance and crack propagation energy. The impact tests, on Charpy-V test specimens, indicated low tenacity for the studied piston rod. The metallographic analysis showed an intergranular fracture with cleavage signals, crack propagation along the outlines of the previous austenite and an intense intergranular corrosion along the surface of the piston rod. The stress measurement in the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders, in a real service situation, showed that the stress in the section of larger diameter of the piston rod, during the floodgate opening, is lower than design values, and the stress amplitude variation, caused by water passing through the floodgate, has values less than 1% of the nominal stress. The results btained in the field test were used in numerical studies modeled by the Finite Element Method, observing a stress of approximately 63% of the yield stress of the material and infinite life for low cycle fatigue (opening and closing of the floodgate) and very high cycle fatigue (water passing through the floodgate) in the place where the fracture occurs. The piston rod failed due to low impact tenacity and moderate corrosion resistance, associated with the notch effect of the critical transition zone of the piston rod section. These conditions, together with the corrosive effect of the water, led to crack nucleation under stress corrosion and propagation through fatigue, until the total brittle failure. The performance of the piston rod comes from inadequate heat treatment during the manufacturing process, which resulted in high δ-ferrite content, temper embrittlement, low impact tenacity and susceptibility to stress corrosion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Critérios operacionais para redução da contribuição de sedimentos gerados em pilhas de estéril
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-11-14) COSTA, Glayce Wivyanne Oliveira; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
Failure to construct and / or operate sterile piles can lead to significant environmental impacts due to the management of sediments from erosion processes, especially in the rainy season, making it necessary to prepare mitigation plans that take into account the behavior morphodynamic characteristics of the land, as well as the rate of sedimentation or the sediment load that can be incorporated into the watercourses during the different constructive stages of the structures, in order to guarantee the integrity of the flora around the enterprise, as well as to optimize the destination of the tailings and sediments within the space defined for the mining activities. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the process of sterile disposal and solids generation in iron ore sterile disposal cells from open pit mines, thus indicating operational criteria that subsidize the reduction of the contribution of sediment generated in batteries for the environment. In order to carry out this work, a Vale sterile stack was installed in the Mineral Province of Carajás, called PDE NW II, for which a documentary research and critical analysis of the main factors involved in the erosive dynamics of the structure was carried out. In this context, rainfall histories, soil cover classification, size and morphology of the contribution basin are included, as well as the quantification of sediment carried by the structure to downstream portions. The methodology used was efficient, mainly because it was able to correlate cause and effect, in the evaluation of the routines of implantation and operation of the piles, in order to make preventive actions intuitive, in order to minimize the contribution of sediment to the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comparativa entre uso e qualidade do solo na área do reservatório da UHE – Tucuruí com base nos atributos físicos e químicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-21) RAMOS, Jaqueline Pinheiro; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548
The construction of dams and their reservoirs generates a series of problems, among them, it is mentioned the erosions in the banks of the reservoirs. The soils forming the UHE-Tucuruí region are subject to different uses and occupations that over time have undergone changes with the seasonality of the lake and the increasing use of land, without considering the potentials and limitations of the soil. Some of these areas already show signs of degradation and erosion occurrence points are also identified. The present work seeks to determine the chemical and physical attributes for the evaluation of erodibility in soils located in the reservoir area of Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant. With the selection of native forest, planting and pasture areas, the collected and deformed samples were collected to perform the chemical and physical tests at the Civil Engineering Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará at the Campus Universitário de Tucuruí. After obtaining the results of the physical and chemical properties of the soils can be prescribed the changes caused by the difference of their use and occupation, in the comparative between the areas, the established parameters showed the chemical degradation of the soil and the loss of nutrients that trigger the erosive processes. Multivariate analysis techniques were applied: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Grouping Analysis (HCA) to correlate the variables, the understanding of the data set was facilitated and the interrelation between the variables and samples became clearer, From these analyzes, it was possible to determine that the pasture area in the superficial layer is the one that most differs from the others, when considering all the attributes analyzed and the extracted samples, in addition, the multivariate analysis highlighted the information set, which variables are undergoing changes as a consequence of anthropic activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da cobertura do solo usando NDVI, na região da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, estado do Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) CARRARO, Fábia Gabriela Pflugrath; FÜLBER, Heleno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5018616409948511
The present work aims to analyze the ground cover, of the Belo Monte Dam complex region using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), calculated from TM / Landsat 5 and OLI / Landsat 8 images from 2008 to 2018. The use of images over the 10-year period can continuously identify trends in the pixels due to the change in land use. The mapping consisted of a polygon (buffer) on each side of the Xingu River, the images obtained during the dry period, in the Imaging Division of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The scenes were processed and the thematic maps generated in ArcGIS® 10.2.2. and the NDVI tool was applied for the mapping of areas and then a grid was generated with the processed values, than the creation of thematic classes based on intervals of index values, for the generation of thematic images, with associated defined value intervals to a color scale. The reduction in NDVI values in the years 2008, 2009, 2016 and 2017 shows the direct influence of the decrease in vegetation due to deforestation. It is checked that during the time series, that from 2013 to 2016 there was a constancy in the NDVI values, indicating that in those years there were no major losses of plant biomass. Thus, the application of the index shows an efficiency when analyzing the behavior of the vegetation made it possible to verify a huge loss of plant biomass and increase of exposed soil due to the implantation of the Belo Monte Dam.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia de seleção de rotas de evacuação de emergência para caso de rompimento da UHE-Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-30) GOTO, Raphaela Sobreira; TEIXEIRA, Marcelo Rassy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8912916360456192
Dams play an important role in Brazilian social and economic development. Although even when considered low risk, incidents involving dams can cause significant damage, and despite several potential costs resulting from material damages, the loss of a human life is the most meaningful in damage scale. Evacuation in case of disruption is a complex process that is the aggregated result of many factors, such as evacuation mode and characteristics of evacuation routes. In this context, the present work aims to determine a methodology for selecting emergency evacuation routes for the urban area of Tucuruí municipality located downstream of Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHE-Tucuruí), regarding the condition of a dam failure only. The methodology adopted is based on the optimization of evacuation routes, minimizing and/or excluding intersections along the way, this proposal follows an adaptation of route selection method developed by Zhang et al. (2016). The methodology was applied in four stages, the first was the division of the municipality into manageable zones according to the socioeconomic characteristics and road distribution, the second was the creation of the intersection table (adjacency) between the roads, the third was the determination of the exit routes, responsible for the displacement of the population to another municipalities and the fourth was the development of route selection method that has as a final product, a table of evacuation routes considering all possible exits of high risk area. The method establishes as the best route choice the one with the fewest intersections in the evacuation path. As a result, the methodology proved to be effective when applied in Tucuruí, generating possible evacuation routes within the entire urban perimeter of the municipality, providing affordability since it does not use software that requires a license and high application cost, being showed as a method of easy acceptability and communication among the population to be evacuated, providing time travel reduction, safer evacuation and traffic load balance between different exits.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos conflitos pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica do médio Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-15) SILVA, Cristiane Matos da; TEIXEIRA, Otávio Noura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5784356232477760; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-5996; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006
Brazil is considered a country highly rich in water availability, however, it is not always in a condition to use, or there is no equal distribution among the states and municipalities of the country. In this way, conflicts can arise associated to the access and distribution of this water resource. Therefore, this study aims to analyze conflicts over water use in the Mid Tocantins River Basin District. To do so, the methodology used was to carry out the following steps: morphometric characterization of the river basin, identification of multiple uses and respective volumes granted both upstream and downstream of Estreito / MA UHE, identification of the main agents and possible actors in areas of conflict, modeling the behavior of agents and the environment and conducting conflict analysis based on the Games Theory, making it possible to propose mitigating measures. With respect to the morphometric characterization of the hydrographic basin, it has a low tendency to great floods, presented a degree of branching of the waterways of 5th order and an average altitude of 259 m. Regarding the multiple uses with federal grant, there is a difference in relation to the granting purpose upstream and downstream of the Estreito Dam, having as the largest user upstream, irrigation, and as the main user downstream of the UHE, industry. Regarding the analysis of conflicts over water use, after the application of game theory, it was verified that both upstream and downstream had several conflict agents, characterizing the generation of electric energy as the largest generator of them. It is concluded that the main mitigating measure is the proposition of greater interaction and dialogue among the agents that generate conflict, because in this way, the greater the probability of minimizing the problems of access, distribution and conflicts over the use of water. And, the application of game theory proved to be ffective, presenting a differential in the analysis of conflicts, making it possible to reiterate the importance of dialogue and interaction between the sectors of water use within the catchment area of the middle Tocantins.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de uma plataforma de hardware e software livres para monitoramento remoto e instrumentação de barragens
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-09) BEZERRA, Ábner Cézar Santos; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378; FÜLBER, Heleno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5018616409948511
This work aims to develop a pilot project of an online Monitoring System for implementation in dam instrumentation, using a platform and free software. The research methodology was carried out in 6 stages, as follows: the literature review; the selection of the development board; the development of a data logger; the development of an application for analog sensor reading; the implementation of the Monitoring System in a controlled environment and the implementation of the Monitoring System in the field. Finally, the conclusions obtained with the elaboration of this research were: the chosen development board, the ESP8266, had a satisfactory performance, being able to be programmed by the Arduino development environment, besides having wifi connection, which allowed the construction of a Data Logger that uses a wireless network, with IP addressing for data presentation. The application created, developed in IDE Android Studio, had satisfactory answer, being able to log in the IP address of the Data Logger, and present the user, in real time, the results on screen. Controlled environment tests were performed to verify the response of a pressure sensor, and in the field, where it was possible to obtain trend curves in each of these environments with great precision, however, by comparing the curves obtained with the curve. standardized calibration, only the convergence of the readings values up to the value of the head height equal to 3 mca was observed, whereas values of head height of 3 to 6 m.c.a. demonstrated approximately 1% dispersion from the standard curve and readings above 6 m.c.a. presented dispersion greater than 5%. This was only possible to identify because the application has a sampling period of 800 milliseconds, thus ensuring a reading in practically real time.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência operacional de um reservatório na dinâmica de nutrientes no processo de eutrofização – estudo de caso UHE Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-28) OLIVEIRA, Michele Araújo de; SARAIVA, Augusto Cesar Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7466500214796269; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006
The Amazon region contains a large water reserve, with rivers that present favorable behaviors for the installation of new dams. However, this change brings with it alterations in hydrological behavior, which leads to limnological changes, caused not only by the act of the water damming, but also by the increased population attracted to these areas in search of new opportunities. This leads to the generation of nutrients that are then released into the water body, mainly due to the precarious effluent treatment in these regions. In this context, the aim of this study was to calculate the Trophic State Index (TSI) at the Tucuruí HPP reservoir, through the aid of software packages and laboratory analyses of field data, analyzing the spatiotemporal behavior of the main nutrients responsible for this process in this area, using two models, namely Carlson‘s (1977) and Lamparelli ‗s (2004) models. The study also proposes a statistical analysis of the relationship between the behavior of the operational regime of the hydropower plant (HPP) with the situation of eutrophication of the reservoir, aiming to evaluate damming implications in the eutrophication process that occurs in the reservoir and its consequences. Eutrophication variability was observed both spatially and temporally, by the Lamparelli (2004) classification, where some points presented an oligotrophic classification during several years, indicating good water quality. However, through Carlson‘s methodology, most of the reservoir was classified as eutrophic, with lower water quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da erodibilidade de solos do reservatório da UHE Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-30) SILVA, Lucas Manoel da; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378; ALENCAR JÚNIOR, Júlio Augusto de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3663658632717465
The Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, besides being the 5th largest hydroelectric plant in the world in generating capacity, transfers electric power to several Brazilian states and, having a reservoir of 2,917 km², is strongly subject to erosion. Several studies report the occurrence of erosive features near the its reservoir, besides being constantly subjected to laminar erosive actions in its drainage areas. In this work we carried out bibliographical surveys, field checks and direct and indirect analyzes of the erodibility of samples of the main soils of the Tucuruí HPP reservoir. Indirect analyzes employed semiempirical formulations based on physical and geotechnical characteristics of the, and the direct ones tested undisturbed samples under runoff, exposure to gradual and total water immersion processes, and under intense sample remoulding levels for evaluations in the Tropical Compacted Miniature - M.C.T. It was possible to notice a significant increase in the reservoir territorial occupation, favoring the exposure to erosive processes, and that the samples classified as Pedisol as Ultisol and Yellow Latosol presented average erodibility rates, as 0.0392 and 0.0323 g / cm² / min / Pa and low levels of disaggregation, while Red Latosol presented low erodibility as 0.002 g / cm² / min / Pa, medium to high levels of disaggregation and expansions, in the MCT methodology. These conclusions indicate that the agricutural activity in the area must grow crops that maintain the surface coverage of the first soil areas, and the prevention of uses that may disrupt and damage the last soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do monitoramento de segurança de barragens de terra do aproveitamento hidrelétrico de Belo Monte: estudo de caso de diques do complexo no cenário do enchimento e operação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-12) MODESTO, Renan Ribeiro; ALENCAR JUNIOR, Julio Augusto de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3663658632717465; LIMA NETO, Aarão Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0287664572311345; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-1368
In Brazil, an execution of earth dams or earth dams are quite common methods and used mainly to meet the demands of mining, irrigation or water storage for the production of hydroelectric energy. It is the importance or the monitoring and safety analysis of these rules to reduce environmental risks, safety factors, technological factors and observe the behavior and performance when planned. This dissertation seeks to understand dam safety monitoring procedures using items 01-A, 01-B and 01-C of the Belo Monte HPP intermediate reservoir by studying the different processes to ensure the safety of organizations. The methodological tracking adopted was carried out through the collection of technical information related to the studied structures, analysis of construction projects and verification of the methodologies adopted to contemplate the filling of reservoirs, reading of all or checklists that are field inspections, in addition to the data of the graphs, results of the auscultation instruments located in the body of the buses in the period of execution and operation that comprised the years 2015 to 2018. The type of research refers to a case study of documentary nature, since they are analyzed safety monitoring data in addition to the behavior of structures. The results reveal that, when compared to the safety procedures adopted at the international level, there is a shortage of the Brazilian safety inspection bodies, it refers to a more specific and clear methodology regarding the process of the first test of a reservoir, and in general lines , non-involved monitoring methods if associated, non-compliance in non-mandatory visual inspections or an instrumental reading outside the reference adopted as safety. However, when different non-conformities and / or anomalies present themselves both in visual inspection and in instrument monitoring, this action requires corrective action in the short term, as it is considered an unfavorable scenario in the security of the structure and associated with the strengthened correlation. to display a downstream of the structures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil fitoquímico, atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana de extratos de espécies da flora amazônica coletadas na região de influência socioambiental da UHE-Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-16) NOGUEIRA, Bruno Alves; VILHENA, Karyme do Socorro de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3071495983880548; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-6683
With over 56,000 plant species, Brazil has one of the richest in the world, encompassing nearly 19% of the world's flora, excluding fungi. Much of this resource is found in the Amazon, which is a region with the highest biodiversity on the planet. However, due to various anthropic actions, knowledge, conservation and numerous native species with biotechnological potential can be lost. In this sense, the present study aimed to analyze the phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of peel extracts and fruit seeds of three species of the Amazonian flora, prepared from different extractive techniques. For this, vegetable matrices were obtained from the peel and seeds of fruits of Poraqueiba sericea, Garcinia macrophylla and Platonia insignis, the extraction methods applied were hot, using Sohxlet, and cold using hexane, methanol and hydroalcoholic system. (50:50) as solvents. Phytochemical screening tests were performed to identify the main classes of secondary metabolites present in plant structures. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by applying the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods and the antimicrobial potential was determined by the plate diffusion disc method. The hot hydroalcoholic extract of G. macrophylla seeds presented the best yield (11.40%). All species presented a considerable range of secondary metabolite classes, with emphasis on the cold hydroalcoholic extract of G. macrophylla (EHA-Gm) seeds, which presented the highest variability (9 classes). Regarding antioxidant activity, the EHA-Gm fraction showed activity of 685.53 (± 7.38x10-4 ) μmol Fe (II) .g-1 extract, in the concentration of 0.1875 mg.mL-1 , being the most active among the extracts tested by the FRAP method. This same fraction presented the lowest efficiency concentration to reduce the DPPH radical by 50% (EC50) (97.31 ± 5.98 × 10-2 µg / mL). In the antimicrobial assays, the tested extracts showed positive inhibition response against strains of Bacillus subtilis, Candida glabrata and Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. and Synechococus sp. The present study demonstrated that P. sericea, P. insignis and G. macrophylla species can be considered as promising sources of bioactive compounds. Notably G. macrophylla, which stood out in the antimicrobial and antioxidant tests performed during this study.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construção de um protótipo de barco robô de baixo custo para análise de qualidade de água em rios e reservatórios
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020) MARTINS, Leandro Ramos; BAYMA, Rafael Suzuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6240525080111166
The National Water Agency, through its National Water Quality Assessment Program, operates a monitoring network with 1874 data recording points throughout the national territory together with the states, where the analysis of four basic parameters is carried out. According to the National Water Agency, the number of points is insufficient for the monitoring of the quality of the water in the lakes and river to be assessed throughout their course, which promotes the lack of data and information, generating gaps in the monitoring that are not can reverse. One option that is under development to solve this problem that is not exclusive to Brazil, is the use of robot boats, which has shown to be a promising technology. This work proposes the construction of a robot boat prototype for low-cost water quality analysis, and promotes the analysis of the use of robotic vessels in order to assist the activities of collecting and analyzing water quality in order to facilitate and streamline monitoring. The prototype developed included the use of low-cost technologies in its design and mechanical, electrical and electronic assembly in addition to the human machine interface. The robot boat was tested on bench and in the field, obtaining satisfactory results for the measurements of ph, temperature and collection, refrigeration and transport of water samples, a function not observed in other robot boat projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variabilidade pluviométrica da região da UHE – Tucuruí/PA no período operacional (1988-2017)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01-30) ALMEIDA, Denilson Freitas; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The Tocantins - Araguaia hydrographic region has become a major power in the generation of hydraulic energy with the installation of large hydroelectric plants and the formation of several artificial lakes, resulting in hydrological changes and possible changes in the microclimate and rainfall. The analysis of rainfall behavior in the hydrographic basin becomes of fundamental importance for the management of water resources. In order to subsidize the management and planning of water resources in the region, an analysis of the spatial-temporal rainfall variability was carried out in the Lake HPP-Tucuruí / PA region, being divided into 4 quadrants (NE, NO , SO and SE) and 12 sub-areas (NE50, NE100, NE200, NO50, NO100, NO200, SO50, SO100, SO200, SE50, SE100 and SE200), considering the period of 30 years (1988-2017), in order to analyze the behavior of the rains in the region. To this end, data were collected and analyzed from 30 pluviometric stations that appear in the database of the ANA platform (HidroWeb base), within a radius of up to 200 km from the hydroelectric plant. With the aid of the QGIS 3.0.3 software, the isohyets maps were drawn using the linear ordinary kriging interpolation method, representing the heights of the water slides. The results showed variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of the total volume precipitated in the referred period of study, identified in the results of standard deviation and variance, in addition to the result of the trend of rains by Mann Kendall's non-parametric tests. The pluviometric indexes showed decreases, when analyzing the entire study area, with an average rainfall of 2157.73 mm. There was a greater decrease in precipitation in the southern part of the region, which showed lower rainfall. In the northern regions, where the artificial lake formed by the Tucuruí dam is found, there were higher rainfall averages. The Mann-Kendall (MK) results showed a greater decrease in the quadrants of the microscale (close to the bus), especially at NO50, which showed a significant trend of decreasing rainfall in the study region (Z = -2.24).